Hunter Neil
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Department of Cell Biology & Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2015 Oct 28;7(12):a016618. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a016618.
The study of homologous recombination has its historical roots in meiosis. In this context, recombination occurs as a programmed event that culminates in the formation of crossovers, which are essential for accurate chromosome segregation and create new combinations of parental alleles. Thus, meiotic recombination underlies both the independent assortment of parental chromosomes and genetic linkage. This review highlights the features of meiotic recombination that distinguish it from recombinational repair in somatic cells, and how the molecular processes of meiotic recombination are embedded and interdependent with the chromosome structures that characterize meiotic prophase. A more in-depth review presents our understanding of how crossover and noncrossover pathways of meiotic recombination are differentiated and regulated. The final section of this review summarizes the studies that have defined defective recombination as a leading cause of pregnancy loss and congenital disease in humans.
同源重组的研究起源于减数分裂。在这种情况下，重组是一个程序性事件，最终导致交叉的形成，交叉对于准确的染色体分离至关重要，并产生亲本等位基因的新组合。因此，减数分裂重组是亲本染色体独立分配和遗传连锁的基础。本综述重点介绍了减数分裂重组与体细胞重组修复不同的特征，以及减数分裂重组的分子过程如何与减数分裂前期特有的染色体结构相互嵌入并相互依存。一篇更深入的综述展示了我们对减数分裂重组的交叉和非交叉途径如何区分和调控的理解。本综述的最后一部分总结了将缺陷重组定义为人类流产和先天性疾病主要原因的研究。
