Hertz Rosanna, Nelson Margaret K, Kramer Wendy
Department of Sociology and Women's and Gender Studies, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA.
Department of Sociology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT 05753, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2015 Dec;147:10-9. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.10.049. Epub 2015 Oct 21.
This paper compares three groups of gestational mothers who relied on gametes from donors they did not know. The three groups are women who have conceived with donor sperm and their own eggs, women who have conceived with donor eggs and a partner's sperm, and women who have conceived with embryos composed of both donor eggs and donor sperm. The paper explores three issues. First, it considers whether intending parents select sperm and egg donors for different attributes both when they are chosen as the only donor and when they are chosen as donors contributing to an entire embryo. Second, it examines how women imagine the donor. Finally, it looks at how women conceptualize the donor as an individual who contributes to their child's characteristics. Two significant findings emerged in this analysis of survey data. First, the data show that gametes are gendered with different attributes both when those gametes are separate and even more so when seen as complementary parts of a whole. Second, the data show that women minimize the impact of the egg donor (both when a sole contribution and especially when part of the complementary whole) and thus ignore the influence or impact of the egg donor relative to how they make sense of the influence or impact of the sperm donor. The data for this study comes from an online survey developed by the authors.
本文比较了三组依赖来自她们不认识的捐赠者配子的妊娠母亲。这三组分别是使用捐赠者精子和自身卵子受孕的女性、使用捐赠者卵子和伴侣精子受孕的女性，以及使用由捐赠者卵子和捐赠者精子组成的胚胎受孕的女性。本文探讨了三个问题。第一，它考虑意向父母在选择精子和卵子捐赠者作为唯一捐赠者以及作为整个胚胎的捐赠者时，是否会因不同属性而进行选择。第二，它研究女性如何想象捐赠者。最后，它审视女性如何将捐赠者概念化为对其孩子特征有贡献的个体。在对调查数据的分析中出现了两个重要发现。第一，数据表明，当配子是分开的时候，以及当它们被视为一个整体的互补部分时，配子具有不同的性别属性。第二，数据表明，女性将卵子捐赠者的影响最小化（无论是单独贡献时，尤其是作为互补整体的一部分时），因此相对于她们对精子捐赠者影响的理解，她们忽略了卵子捐赠者的影响。本研究的数据来自作者开展的一项在线调查。
