Gayevskiy Velimir, Goddard Matthew R
School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 90219, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
School of Life Sciences, The University of Lincoln, Lincoln, LN6 7DL, UK.
Environ Microbiol. 2016 Apr;18(4):1137-47. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.13107. Epub 2015 Dec 10.
Saccharomyces is one of the best-studied microbial genera, but our understanding of the global distributions and evolutionary histories of its members is relatively poor. Recent studies have altered our view of Saccharomyces' origin, but a lack of sampling from the vast majority of the world precludes a holistic perspective. We evaluate alternate Gondwanan and Far East Asian hypotheses concerning the origin of these yeasts. Being part of Gondwana, and only colonized by humans in the last ∼1000 years, New Zealand represents a unique environment for testing these ideas. Genotyping and ribosomal sequencing of samples from North Island native forest parks identified a widespread population of Saccharomyces. Whole genome sequencing identified the presence of S. arboricola and S. eubayanus in New Zealand, which is the first report of S. arboricola outside Far East Asia, and also expands S. eubayanus' known distribution to include the Oceanic region. Phylogenomic approaches place the S. arboricola population as significantly diverged from the only other sequenced Chinese isolate but indicate that S. eubayanus might be a recent migrant from South America. These data tend to support the Far East Asian origin of the Saccharomyces, but the history of this group is still far from clear.
酿酒酵母是研究最为深入的微生物属之一，但我们对其成员的全球分布和进化历史的了解相对较少。最近的研究改变了我们对酿酒酵母起源的看法，但由于缺乏来自世界绝大多数地区的样本，无法形成全面的认识。我们评估了关于这些酵母起源的冈瓦纳假说和远东亚洲假说的替代观点。新西兰作为冈瓦纳大陆的一部分，且在过去约1000年才被人类殖民，是检验这些观点的独特环境。对北岛原生森林公园样本的基因分型和核糖体测序确定了酿酒酵母的广泛种群。全基因组测序确定了新西兰存在树状酿酒酵母和真贝氏酿酒酵母，这是树状酿酒酵母在远东亚洲以外地区的首次报道，同时也将真贝氏酿酒酵母的已知分布范围扩大到包括大洋洲地区。系统发育基因组学方法表明，树状酿酒酵母种群与唯一另一个已测序的中国分离株有显著差异，但表明真贝氏酿酒酵母可能是最近从南美洲迁移而来。这些数据倾向于支持酿酒酵母起源于远东亚洲的观点，但该类群的历史仍远未明晰。
