Marcantonio Claudio, Nicoli Lelis Gustavo, Marcantonio Junior Elcio, Zandim-Barcelos Daniela Leal
Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Assistant Professor, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Humaita, 1680, Zipcode: 14801-903 Araraquara/Sao Paulo, Brazil, Phone: +55 16 33016508 e-mail:
J Contemp Dent Pract. 2015 Sep 1;16(9):750-7. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1752.
The purpose of this review is to estimate the prevalence of peri-implantitis, as well as to determine possible risk factors associated with its development in patients treated with oral implants.
Although implant therapy has been identified as a successful and predictable treatment for partially and fully edentulous patients, complications and failures can occur. Peri-implantitis is considered a biologic complication that results in bone loss around implants and may lead to implant treatment failure.
A great variation has been observed in the literature regarding the prevalence of peri-implantitis according to the diagnostic criteria used to define peri-implantitis. The prevalence ranges from 4.7 to 43% at implant level, and from 8.9 to > 56% at patient level. Many risk factors that may lead to the establishment and progression of peri-implantitis have been suggested. There is strong evidence that presence and history of periodontitis are potential risk factors for peri-implantitis. Cigarette smoking has not yet been conclusively established as a risk factor for peri-implantitis, although extra care should be taken with dental implant in smokers. Other risk factors, such as diabetes, genetic traits, implant surface roughness and presence of keratinized mucosa still require further investigation.
Peri-implantitis is not an uncommon complication following implant therapy. A higher prevalence of peri-implantitis has been identified for patients with presence or history of periodontal disease and for smokers. Until now, a true risk factor for peri-implantitis has not been established. Supportive maintenance program is essential for the long-term success of treatments with oral implants.
The knowledge of the real impact of peri-implantitis on the outcome of treatments with oral implants as well as the identification of risk factors associated to this inflammatory condition are essential for the development of supportive maintenance programs and the establishment of prevention protocols.
本综述的目的是评估种植体周围炎的患病率，并确定接受口腔种植治疗的患者中与其发生相关的可能风险因素。
尽管种植治疗已被认为是部分和完全无牙患者的一种成功且可预测的治疗方法，但仍可能出现并发症和失败情况。种植体周围炎被视为一种生物学并发症，会导致种植体周围骨质流失，并可能导致种植治疗失败。
根据用于定义种植体周围炎的诊断标准，文献中观察到种植体周围炎患病率存在很大差异。在种植体水平上，患病率范围为4.7%至43%，在患者水平上为8.9%至>56%。已提出许多可能导致种植体周围炎发生和进展的风险因素。有强有力的证据表明，牙周炎的存在和病史是种植体周围炎的潜在风险因素。尽管对于吸烟者的牙种植应格外小心，但吸烟尚未被确凿地认定为种植体周围炎的风险因素。其他风险因素，如糖尿病、遗传特征、种植体表面粗糙度和角化黏膜的存在仍需进一步研究。
种植体周围炎是种植治疗后并不罕见的并发症。已确定患有牙周疾病或有牙周病史的患者以及吸烟者的种植体周围炎患病率较高。到目前为止，尚未确定种植体周围炎的真正风险因素。支持性维护计划对于口腔种植治疗的长期成功至关重要。
了解种植体周围炎对口腔种植治疗结果的实际影响以及识别与这种炎症状态相关的风险因素，对于制定支持性维护计划和建立预防方案至关重要。
