Kuster C E, Althouse G C
Kuster Research and Consulting, Inc., Geneseo, Illinois, USA.
Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA.
Theriogenology. 2016 Jan 1;85(1):21-6. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.09.049. Epub 2015 Oct 3.
Bacteriospermia is a documented risk to reproductive performance when using extended boar semen for artificial insemination. A substantial list of bacteria have been recovered from boar semen attributed to fecal, preputial, skin, and hair microorganisms, with these and other environmental bacteria from processing areas identified in doses prepared for artificial insemination. Gram-negative bacteria are most commonly recovered from extended doses, including both Enterobacteriaceae and environmental contaminants, such as those that inhabit water purification systems. The method of processing, distributing, and storing fresh liquid boar semen before insemination plays a role in bacterial growth dynamics and the degree to which the bacteria may damage the sperm or affect the sow. Not all bacterial isolates or contamination levels have the same impact on sperm, with multiple factors governing if and when storage longevity will be reduced through sperm-to-sperm agglutination, impaired motility, acrosome disruption, or loss of membrane viability. Suboptimal reproductive performance can occur because of reduced fertilizing capacity of the sperm or induction of a uterine environment hostile to sperm and/or embryonic survival. Effective bacterial control strategies are necessary to minimize the risk of bacteria contaminating extended semen doses, including monitoring programs designed for quick detection and intervention, should the need arise.
使用公猪稀释精液进行人工授精时，细菌污染是影响繁殖性能的一个已被证实的风险因素。从公猪精液中已分离出大量细菌，这些细菌源自粪便、包皮、皮肤和毛发中的微生物，在人工授精所用的精液制剂中也发现了来自加工区域的这些细菌以及其他环境细菌。革兰氏阴性菌最常从稀释精液中分离出来，包括肠杆菌科细菌和环境污染物，比如那些存在于水净化系统中的细菌。在授精前，新鲜液态公猪精液的加工、分发和储存方式会影响细菌的生长动态，以及细菌对精子造成损害或影响母猪的程度。并非所有细菌分离株或污染水平对精子的影响都相同，有多个因素决定是否以及何时会通过精子间凝集、活力受损、顶体破裂或膜活力丧失而缩短精液的储存寿命。精子受精能力下降或引发不利于精子和/或胚胎存活的子宫环境，都可能导致繁殖性能欠佳。必须采取有效的细菌控制策略，以尽量降低细菌污染稀释精液剂量的风险，包括制定监测计划，以便在必要时能够快速检测并进行干预。
