Dubowitz Tamara, Ghosh-Dastidar Madhumita, Cohen Deborah A, Beckman Robin, Steiner Elizabeth D, Hunter Gerald P, Flórez Karen R, Huang Christina, Vaughan Christine A, Sloan Jennifer C, Zenk Shannon N, Cummins Steven, Collins Rebecca L
Tamara Dubowitz (
Madhumita Ghosh-Dastidar is a senior statistician at RAND in Arlington, Virginia.
Health Aff (Millwood). 2015 Nov;34(11):1858-68. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2015.0667.
Placing full-service supermarkets in food deserts--areas with limited access to healthy food--has been promoted as a way to reduce inequalities in access to healthy food, improve diet, and reduce the risk of obesity. However, previous studies provide scant evidence of such impacts. We surveyed households in two Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, neighborhoods in 2011 and 2014, one of which received a new supermarket in 2013. Comparing trends in the two neighborhoods, we obtained evidence of multiple positive impacts from new supermarket placement. In the new supermarket neighborhood we found net positive changes in overall dietary quality; average daily intakes of kilocalories and added sugars; and percentage of kilocalories from solid fats, added sugars, and alcohol. However, the only positive outcome in the recipient neighborhood specifically associated with regular use of the new supermarket was improved perceived access to healthy food. We did not observe differential improvement between the neighborhoods in fruit and vegetable intake, whole grain consumption, or body mass index. Incentivizing supermarkets to locate in food deserts is appropriate. However, efforts should proceed with caution, until the mechanisms by which the stores affect diet and their ability to influence weight status are better understood.
在食品荒漠（即难以获取健康食品的地区）开设提供全方位服务的超市，已被视作一种减少获取健康食品机会不平等、改善饮食并降低肥胖风险的途径。然而，此前的研究几乎没有提供此类影响的证据。我们在2011年和2014年对宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡的两个社区的家庭进行了调查，其中一个社区在2013年迎来了一家新超市。通过比较这两个社区的趋势，我们获得了新超市开业带来多种积极影响的证据。在有新超市的社区，我们发现总体饮食质量、每日千卡和添加糖的平均摄入量以及来自固体脂肪、添加糖和酒精的千卡百分比都有净正向变化。然而，接受调查的社区中唯一与经常光顾新超市有明确关联的积极结果是，人们感觉获取健康食品更加便利了。我们没有观察到两个社区在水果和蔬菜摄入量、全谷物消费或体重指数方面有不同程度的改善。鼓励超市在食品荒漠地区选址是合适的。然而，在更好地了解这些商店影响饮食以及影响体重状况的机制之前，应谨慎推进相关工作。
