Department of Psychological Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
J Psychosom Res. 2015 Nov;79(5):428-34. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.09.010. Epub 2015 Sep 26.
Sleep and optimism are important psycho-biological and personality constructs, respectively. However, very little work has examined the causal relationship between them, and none has examined the potential mechanisms operating in the relationship. This study aimed to understand whether sleep quality was a cause or an effect of optimism, and whether depressive mood could explain the relationship.
Internet survey data were collected from 987 Chinese working adults (63.4% female, 92.4% full-time workers, 27.0% married, 90.2% Hong Kong residents, mean age=32.59 at three time-points, spanning about 19 months). Measures included a Chinese attributional style questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale.
Cross-sectional analyses revealed moderate correlations among sleep quality, depressive mood, and optimism. Cross-lagged analyses showed a bidirectional causality between optimism and sleep. Path analysis demonstrated that depressive mood fully mediated the influence of optimism on sleep quality, and it partially mediated the influence of sleep quality on optimism.
Optimism improves sleep. Poor sleep makes a pessimist. The effects of sleep quality on optimism could not be fully explained by depressive mood, highlighting the unique role of sleep on optimism. Understanding the mechanisms of the feedback loop of sleep quality, mood, and optimism may provide insights for clinical interventions for individuals presented with mood-related problems.
睡眠和乐观分别是重要的心理生物学和人格结构。然而，很少有研究探讨它们之间的因果关系，也没有研究探讨其中的潜在机制。本研究旨在了解睡眠质量是乐观的原因还是结果，以及抑郁情绪是否可以解释这种关系。
从 987 名中国在职成年人（63.4%为女性，92.4%为全职工作者，27.0%已婚，90.2%为香港居民，平均年龄为 32.59 岁，在三个时间点进行了调查，跨度约为 19 个月）中收集了互联网调查数据。测量工具包括归因方式问卷、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数和抑郁焦虑压力量表。
横断面分析显示睡眠质量、抑郁情绪和乐观之间存在中度相关性。交叉滞后分析显示乐观和睡眠之间存在双向因果关系。路径分析表明，抑郁情绪完全中介了乐观对睡眠质量的影响，部分中介了睡眠质量对乐观的影响。
乐观可以改善睡眠。睡眠质量差会导致悲观。睡眠质量对乐观的影响不能完全用抑郁情绪来解释，这凸显了睡眠对乐观的独特作用。了解睡眠质量、情绪和乐观之间的反馈循环机制，可能为有情绪相关问题的个体提供临床干预的思路。
