School of Psychology, University of Sussex, BN1 9QH, Falmer, Brighton, UK.
J Behav Med. 2024 Apr;47(2):207-219. doi: 10.1007/s10865-023-00436-4. Epub 2023 Sep 12.
The identification of variables which facilitate good quality and quantity sleep represents an important step in tackling the current global sleep loss epidemic. Previous research has established links between good sleep and the positive psychological traits of mindfulness, self-compassion, gratitude and optimism. However, studies have typically focused on single traits, limiting understanding of their collective and independent associations. The two studies reported here address this gap by exploring the combined and unique contributions of mindfulness, self-compassion, gratitude and optimism to sleep; Study 2 further investigated emotion regulation as a common underlying mechanism. Participants in both studies (Study 1 N = 268; Study 2 N = 333) completed online questionnaires assessing the four positive psychological traits and sleep quality and quantity; participants in Study 2 also completed measures of adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation. Multiple regression analyses revealed that mindfulness, self-compassion, gratitude and optimism collectively accounted for 24.96% (Study 1) and 15.81% (Study 2) of the variance in overall sleep quality and quantity. Optimism and mindfulness emerged as significant linear predictors in their own right, with higher levels of optimism and mindfulness respectively being associated with better sleep. Study 2 further identified maladaptive emotion regulation as a common mediating mechanism. Findings highlight the importance of positive psychological traits in relation to sleep and indicate that optimism and mindfulness might make unique contributions to the prediction of sleep outcomes. Findings also flag emotion regulation as a potential common mediator of associations between positive psychological traits and sleep.
确定有利于优质睡眠的变量是解决当前全球睡眠不足问题的重要步骤。先前的研究已经确定了良好的睡眠与正念、自我同情、感恩和乐观等积极心理特质之间的联系。然而，这些研究通常侧重于单一特质，限制了对它们的集体和独立关联的理解。本文报告的两项研究通过探索正念、自我同情、感恩和乐观对睡眠的综合和独特贡献来弥补这一差距；第二项研究进一步探讨了情绪调节作为一个共同的潜在机制。两项研究的参与者（研究 1 N=268；研究 2 N=333）都完成了在线问卷，评估了四个积极的心理特质和睡眠质量与数量；研究 2 的参与者还完成了适应性和不适应性情绪调节的测量。多元回归分析显示，正念、自我同情、感恩和乐观共同解释了整体睡眠质量和数量的 24.96%（研究 1）和 15.81%（研究 2）。在其自身的线性预测中，乐观和正念是显著的，分别具有更高水平的乐观和正念与更好的睡眠有关。第二项研究进一步确定了适应性情绪调节是一个共同的中介机制。研究结果强调了积极心理特质与睡眠之间的重要性，并表明乐观和正念可能对睡眠结果的预测有独特的贡献。研究结果还指出情绪调节是积极心理特质与睡眠之间关联的一个潜在的共同中介。
