Subaraja Mamangam, Vanisree Arambakkam J
Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy campus, Chennai - 600 025.
Ann Neurosci. 2015 Oct;22(4):199-207. doi: 10.5214/ans.0972.7531.220403.
Invertebrate worms serve as models for understanding the features of neurological functions. Acrylamide (ACR), the well-known neurotoxin, is a water-soluble chemical widely used in various industrial and laboratory processes. ACR is also found in food items which are cooked under high temperature.
The study attempts to assess the neuropathological changes in cerebral ganglions along with the locomotion and neuronal behavior of Lumbricus terrestris on ACR intoxication.
The dosage of acrylamide induced neurotoxicity ranged from 0-17.5 mg/kg body weight for 7 days. The time/dose dependent changes in the oxidant and antioxidant status, activities of Na(+)/K(+)ATPase, Ca(2+)/Mg(2+) ATPase and 5' Nucleotidase were assessed along with the locomotor behavioral analysis.
The activities of super oxidase dismutase and catalases were not altered appreciably. However, the glutathione family, lipid peroxide, protein carbonyl content and vitamin C did show significant variations (p<0.001) in a dose-dependent manner, depicting more of oxidative stress, when compared to control worms. The activities of Na(+)/K(+) ATPase was significantly affected (p<0.001) at 3.5 mg/kg bw itself while those of both Ca(2+) and 5' Nucleotidase were found to be affected at 7.0 mg/kg bw of ACR. Mg(2+) ATPase showed significant reduction (p<0.001) in its activity only at 10.5 mg/kg bw of ACR. These dose dependent biochemical variations observed were found to be linked with the behavior of the worms as evident from the latency of movement in a dose-dependent manner which is less pronounced at 7.0 mg and more pronounced at 17.5 mg/kg bw of ACR.
The study suggests that ACR disrupts GSSS/GSH balance and perturbs ionic homeostasis in worms and thus affect the motor function highlighting their (GSH-ions) interrelationship in influencing neuromuscular activity. These simple analyses implicate that the cerebral ganglionic variations in the worms may be useful to appreciate the pathology of the neurological diseases (provided sophisticated analyses are employed) especially which involve movement dysfunction, where the brain tissue samples from the affected human patients are scarce.
无脊椎动物蠕虫是理解神经功能特征的模型。丙烯酰胺（ACR）是一种著名的神经毒素，是一种水溶性化学物质，广泛应用于各种工业和实验室过程。在高温烹饪的食品中也能发现ACR。
本研究试图评估ACR中毒后蚯蚓脑神经节的神经病理学变化以及其运动和神经元行为。
丙烯酰胺诱导神经毒性的剂量范围为0 - 17.5毫克/千克体重，持续7天。评估了氧化和抗氧化状态、Na(+)/K(+)ATP酶、Ca(2+)/Mg(2+)ATP酶和5'核苷酸酶活性的时间/剂量依赖性变化，并进行了运动行为分析。
超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶的活性没有明显改变。然而，与对照蠕虫相比，谷胱甘肽家族、脂质过氧化物、蛋白质羰基含量和维生素C确实呈现出显著的剂量依赖性变化（p<0.001），表明氧化应激增加。Na(+)/K(+)ATP酶的活性在3.5毫克/千克体重时就受到显著影响（p<0.001），而Ca(2+)和5'核苷酸酶的活性在7.0毫克/千克体重的ACR作用下受到影响。Mg(2+)ATP酶仅在10.5毫克/千克体重的ACR作用下活性显著降低（p<0.001）。观察到的这些剂量依赖性生化变化与蠕虫的行为有关，从运动潜伏期的剂量依赖性可以明显看出，在7.0毫克/千克体重时不太明显，而在17.5毫克/千克体重时更明显。
该研究表明，ACR破坏了蠕虫体内的GSSS/GSH平衡，扰乱了离子稳态，从而影响运动功能，突出了它们（谷胱甘肽-离子）在影响神经肌肉活动方面的相互关系。这些简单的分析表明，蠕虫脑神经节的变化可能有助于理解神经疾病的病理学（前提是采用复杂的分析方法），特别是那些涉及运动功能障碍的疾病，因为受影响人类患者的脑组织样本稀缺。
