欧洲、拉丁美洲和美国制作的电影中烟草和酒精使用情况的比较。
Comparison of tobacco and alcohol use in films produced in Europe, Latin America, and the United States.
作者信息
Barrientos-Gutierrez Inti, Kollath-Cattano Christy, Mejía Raul, Arillo-Santillán Edna, Hanewinkel Reiner, Morgenstern Matthis, Sargent James D, Thrasher James F
机构信息
Department of Tobacco Research, National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Universidad No. 655 Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cerrada Los Pinos y Caminera C.P, 62100, Cuernavaca, Mor, México.
Department of Health Promotion, Education & Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene St, 534D, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2015 Nov 3;15:1096. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-2378-x.
BACKGROUND
Studies that have evaluated tobacco and alcohol portrayals in films have mainly focused on US films. Our aim is to describe tobacco and alcohol portrayals in nationally produced films from six European and two Latin American countries, and compare them with US produced films.
METHODS
A sample of 337 nationally produced and 502 US produced films, consisting of top grossing films from 2004 to 2009 in each country, was content coded for presence of tobacco or alcohol and seconds of tobacco or alcohol use. Logistic and linear regression models were estimated for all films and youth-rated films (Ages 0-14) to assess cross country differences in tobacco and alcohol content, with US films as the reference category.
RESULTS
Domestically produced films from several countries were more likely than US films to contain any tobacco use both overall (Iceland (OR = 9.29, CI: 1.22-70.89), Italy (OR = 3.58, CI: 1.72-7.43), Argentina (OR = 5.06, CI: 2.13-12.03), Mexico (OR = 4.87, CI: 2.17-10.90)) and for youth-rated films (Germany (OR = 2.24, CI: 1.21-4.16), Iceland (OR = 13.79, CI: 1.80-105.5), Italy (OR = 5.31, CI: 2.54-11.1), and Argentina (OR = 6.9, CI: 0.88-1.34)). Models for alcohol showed few differences compared to US, regardless of rating. Linear regression models for seconds of use in films with tobacco indicated that only Argentine films had more seconds of smoking than US films, regardless of the rating category. For films with alcohol use, Mexican films had higher seconds of alcohol use than US films.
CONCLUSIONS
Smoking was more commonly depicted in films produced outside the US, however there were few differences in the means for smoking screen time in films that contained smoking. This may be partly explained by the prohibition of tobacco product placement in the US. Countries should consider banning paid placement of both products and eliminating subsidies for films with content that promotes tobacco and alcohol use.
背景
评估电影中烟草和酒精描绘的研究主要集中在美国电影上。我们的目的是描述六个欧洲国家和两个拉丁美洲国家国产电影中的烟草和酒精描绘情况，并将它们与美国制作的电影进行比较。
方法
对337部国产电影和502部美国制作的电影进行抽样，这些电影包括2004年至2009年各国票房最高的电影，对其中烟草或酒精的出现情况以及烟草或酒精使用的时长进行内容编码。对所有电影和青少年分级电影（0至14岁）估计逻辑回归和线性回归模型，以评估烟草和酒精含量的跨国差异，以美国电影作为参照类别。
结果
几个国家的国产电影总体上比美国电影更有可能包含任何烟草使用情况（冰岛（比值比[OR]=9.29，置信区间[CI]：1.22至70.89）、意大利（OR=3.58，CI：1.72至7.43）、阿根廷（OR=5.06，CI：2.13至12.03）、墨西哥（OR=4.87，CI：2.17至10.90）），青少年分级电影也是如此（德国（OR=2.24，CI：1.21至4.16）、冰岛（OR=13.79，CI：1.80至105.5）、意大利（OR=5.31，CI：2.54至11.1）、阿根廷（OR=6.9，CI：0.88至1.34））。酒精使用情况的模型显示与美国相比差异不大，无论分级如何。对有烟草电影中使用时长的线性回归模型表明，无论分级类别如何，只有阿根廷电影的吸烟时长比美国电影多。对于有酒精使用的电影，墨西哥电影的酒精使用时长比美国电影长。
结论
在美国以外制作的电影中吸烟的描绘更为常见，然而在包含吸烟场景的电影中，吸烟屏幕时长的均值差异不大。这可能部分是由于美国禁止烟草产品植入。各国应考虑禁止这两种产品的付费植入，并取消对宣传烟草和酒精使用内容电影的补贴。
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