Cañadas Elena, Rodríguez-Bailón Rosa, Lupiáñez Juan
Department of Organizational Behavior, University of Lausanne , Lausanne, Switzerland.
Department of Social Psychology, Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada , Granada, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2015 Oct 12;6:1568. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01568. eCollection 2015.
This study investigates whether participants use categorical or individual knowledge about others in order to make cooperative decisions in an adaptation of the trust game paradigm. Concretely, participants had to choose whether to cooperate or not with black and white unknown partners as a function of expected partners' reciprocity rates. Reciprocity rates were manipulated by associating three out of four members of an ethnic group (blacks or whites consistent members) with high (or low) reciprocity rates, while the remaining member of the ethnic group is associated with the reciprocity of the other ethnic group (inconsistent member). Results show opposite performance's patterns for white and black partners. Participants seemed to categorize white partners, by making the same cooperation decision with all the partners, that is, they cooperated equally with consistent and inconsistent white partners. However, this effect was not found for black partners, suggesting a tendency to individuate them. Results are discussed in light of the implications of these categorization-individuation processes for intergroup relations and cooperative economic behavior.
本研究调查了参与者在改编的信任博弈范式中，是否利用关于他人的类别知识或个体知识来做出合作决策。具体而言，参与者必须根据预期合作伙伴的互惠率，选择是否与陌生的黑人和白人合作伙伴合作。通过将一个种族群体（黑人或白人一致成员）中的四分之三成员与高（或低）互惠率相关联，而该种族群体的其余成员与另一个种族群体的互惠率相关联（不一致成员），来操纵互惠率。结果显示，对于白人和黑人合作伙伴，表现模式相反。参与者似乎对白种人合作伙伴进行了分类，对所有合作伙伴做出相同的合作决策，也就是说，他们与一致和不一致的白人合作伙伴合作程度相同。然而，对于黑人合作伙伴未发现这种效应，表明有对他们进行个体化对待的倾向。根据这些分类 - 个体化过程对群体间关系和合作经济行为的影响来讨论结果。
