Kuyken Willem, Howell Rachael
a University of Exeter , UK.
Cogn Emot. 2006 Apr 1;20(3-4):466-87. doi: 10.1080/02699930500342639.
Adolescence is a crucial developmental window because it involves elaboration of the self-concept, the laying down of lifelong autobiographical memories, and the development of emotional resilience during a time of substantial risk for mood problems. Autobiographical memory retrieval plays an important role in depression both in adults ( van Vreeswijk & de Wilde, 2004 ) and adolescents (Kuyken, Howell, & Dalgleish, 2005; Park, Goodyer, & Teasdale, 2002 ). This study examined facets of autobiographical memory associated with memory retrieval in never-depressed and currently depressed adolescents: personal importance, imagery, recency, source monitoring, and field-observer perspective. Compared with never-depressed adolescents, adolescents with depression were significantly more likely to retrieve memories from an observer perspective and more recent time period, preferentially rehearsed negative memories and rated their memories as more personally important. Depressed adolescents who reported a history of trauma retrieved more vivid autobiographical memories than depressed adolescents not reporting such a history, had rehearsed them more frequently, and reported more confidence in their veracity.
青春期是一个关键的发育窗口，因为它涉及自我概念的完善、终身自传体记忆的形成，以及在情绪问题风险极高的时期发展情绪恢复力。自传体记忆提取在成年人（范·弗里斯维克和德·怀尔德，2004年）和青少年（库伊肯、豪厄尔和达格利什，2005年；帕克、古德伊尔和蒂斯代尔，2002年）的抑郁症中都起着重要作用。本研究考察了从未患抑郁症和目前患抑郁症的青少年中与记忆提取相关的自传体记忆方面：个人重要性、意象、近期性、来源监控和观察者视角。与从未患抑郁症的青少年相比，患抑郁症的青少年从观察者视角和更近的时间段提取记忆的可能性显著更高，优先排练负面记忆，并将他们的记忆评定为更具个人重要性。报告有创伤史的抑郁症青少年比未报告此类病史的抑郁症青少年提取的自传体记忆更生动，排练得更频繁，并且对其真实性更有信心。
