Federici Stefano, Meloni Fabio, Bracalenti Marco, De Filippis Maria Laura
Department of Philosophy, Social & Human Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, Italy.
NIHR MindTech Healthcare Technology Co-operative, Institute of Mental Health, Jubilee Campus, Nottingham, UK.
NeuroRehabilitation. 2015;37(3):321-40. doi: 10.3233/NRE-151265.
This review examines the utility of current active, powered, wearable lower limb exoskeletons as aids to rehabilitation in paraplegic patients with gait disorders resulting from central nervous system lesions.
The PRISMA guidelines were used to review literature on the use of powered and active lower limb exoskeletons for neurorehabilitative training in paraplegic subjects retrieved in a search of the electronic databases PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar.
We reviewed 27 studies published between 2001 and 2014, involving a total of 144 participants from the USA, Japan, Germany, Sweden, Israel, Italy, and Spain. Seventy percent of the studies were experimental tests of safety or efficacy and 29% evaluated rehabilitative effectiveness through uncontrolled (22%) or controlled (7%) clinical trials.
Exoskeletons provide a safe and practical method of neurorehabilitation which is not physically exhausting and makes minimal demands on working memory. It is easy to learn to use an exoskeleton and they increase mobility, improve functioning and reduce the risk of secondary injury by reinstating a more normal gait pattern. A limitation of the field is the lack of experimental methods for demonstrating the relative effectiveness of the exoskeleton in comparison with other rehabilitative techniques and technologies.
本综述探讨当前主动式、动力驱动的可穿戴下肢外骨骼在帮助因中枢神经系统损伤导致步态障碍的截瘫患者康复方面的效用。
采用PRISMA指南，对在电子数据库PubMed、EBSCO、科学网、Scopus、ProQuest和谷歌学术搜索中检索到的有关动力驱动和主动式下肢外骨骼用于截瘫患者神经康复训练的文献进行综述。
我们回顾了2001年至2014年间发表的27项研究，涉及来自美国、日本、德国、瑞典、以色列、意大利和西班牙的总共144名参与者。70%的研究是安全性或有效性的实验测试，29%通过非对照（22%）或对照（7%）临床试验评估康复效果。
外骨骼提供了一种安全实用的神经康复方法，不会让人感到身体疲惫，对工作记忆的要求也很低。外骨骼易于学习使用，它们可以增加活动能力、改善功能并通过恢复更正常的步态模式降低二次受伤的风险。该领域的一个局限性是缺乏实验方法来证明外骨骼与其他康复技术相比的相对有效性。
