Di Costanzo Margherita, Paparo Lorella, Cosenza Linda, Di Scala Carmen, Nocerino Rita, Aitoro Rosita, Canani Roberto Berni
Food Allergy Unit, Department of Translational Medical Science, Pediatric Section, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
Methods Mol Biol. 2016;1371:215-21. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3139-2_14.
Childhood food allergy (FA) rates have rapidly increased with significant direct medical costs for the health care system and even larger costs for the families with a food-allergic child. The possible causes of food allergy become the target of intense scrutiny in recent years. Increasing evidence underline the importance in early life of gut microbiome in the development of allergic diseases. There are a range of factors in the modern environment that may be associated with changes to both the gut microbiome and risk of FA, such as mode of delivery, antibiotic exposure, infant feeding practices, farming environment, and country of origin. Knowledge of the relationship between early life gut microbiome and allergic diseases may facilitate development of novel preventive and treatment strategies. Based on our current knowledge, there are no currently available approved therapies for food allergy. More studies are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of allergen-specific and allergen-nonspecific approaches, as well as combination approaches.
儿童食物过敏（FA）发生率迅速上升，给医疗保健系统带来了巨大的直接医疗成本，而对于有食物过敏儿童的家庭来说，成本甚至更高。近年来，食物过敏的可能原因成为了深入研究的目标。越来越多的证据表明，肠道微生物群在生命早期对过敏性疾病的发展具有重要意义。现代环境中有一系列因素可能与肠道微生物群的变化以及食物过敏风险相关，如分娩方式、抗生素暴露、婴儿喂养方式、养殖环境和原产国。了解生命早期肠道微生物群与过敏性疾病之间的关系可能有助于开发新的预防和治疗策略。根据我们目前的知识，目前尚无经批准的食物过敏疗法。需要更多的研究来评估过敏原特异性和非特异性方法以及联合方法的安全性和有效性。
