Strayer David L, Turrill Jonna, Cooper Joel M, Coleman James R, Medeiros-Ward Nathan, Biondi Francesco
University of Utah, Salt Lake CityPrecision Driving Research, Salt Lake City, UtahUniversity of Utah, Salt Lake CityUniversity of Illinois, Urbana-ChampaignUniversity of Padova, Padova, Italy
University of Utah, Salt Lake City.
Hum Factors. 2015 Dec;57(8):1300-24. doi: 10.1177/0018720815575149.
The objective was to establish a systematic framework for measuring and understanding cognitive distraction in the automobile.
Driver distraction from secondary in-vehicle activities is increasingly recognized as a significant source of injuries and fatalities on the roadway.
Across three studies, participants completed eight in-vehicle tasks commonly performed by the driver of an automobile. Primary, secondary, subjective, and physiological measures were collected and integrated into a cognitive distraction scale.
In-vehicle activities, such as listening to the radio or an audio book, were associated with a low level of cognitive workload; the conversation activities of talking to a passenger in the vehicle or conversing with a friend on a handheld or hands-free cell phone were associated with a moderate level of cognitive workload; and using a speech-to-text interfaced e-mail system involved a high level of cognitive workload.
The research established that there are significant impairments to driving that stem from the diversion of attention from the task of operating a motor vehicle and that the impairments to driving are directly related to the cognitive workload of these in-vehicle activities. Moreover, the adoption of voice-based systems in the vehicle may have unintended consequences that adversely affect traffic safety.
These findings can be used to help inform scientifically based policies on driver distraction, particularly as they relate to cognitive distraction stemming from the diversion of attention to other concurrent activities in the vehicle.
目的是建立一个用于测量和理解汽车中认知分心的系统框架。
驾驶员因车内次要活动而分心日益被认为是道路上受伤和死亡的一个重要原因。
在三项研究中，参与者完成了汽车驾驶员通常执行的八项车内任务。收集了主要、次要、主观和生理测量数据，并将其整合到一个认知分心量表中。
车内活动，如听收音机或有声读物，与低水平的认知工作量相关；与车内乘客交谈或通过手持或免提手机与朋友交谈的对话活动与中等水平的认知工作量相关；而使用语音转文本接口的电子邮件系统则涉及高水平的认知工作量。
该研究确定，驾驶会因注意力从操作机动车的任务转移而受到重大损害，并且驾驶损害与这些车内活动的认知工作量直接相关。此外，车辆中采用基于语音的系统可能会产生意外后果，对交通安全产生不利影响。
这些发现可用于为基于科学的驾驶员分心政策提供信息，特别是与因注意力转移到车内其他并发活动而产生的认知分心相关的政策。
