Janczyk Markus, Welsh Timothy N, Dolk Thomas
a Department of Psychology , University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany.
b Centre for Motor Control, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2016 Dec;69(12):2402-2418. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2015.1112417.
The social inhibition of return (sIOR) effect refers to the finding that response initiation times are longer if a movement is executed to a location where another person has responded to just before. Previous studies have examined the influence of the goal of the action on sIOR. In these studies, however, the movement endpoint and to-be-attained goal (e.g., touching/pressing a response key) were at the same spatial location. In the present two experiments, we disentangled movement endpoint and goal's identity and locations by means of introducing action effects that followed directly from a movement. Similar methods were previously shown powerful enough to clearly show the importance of action goals for other phenomena-a finding consistent with effect-based theories of action control, such as the ideomotor theory. The results of the present study revealed that sIOR was shaped by the movement endpoint location, not the goal's identity or location. That is, in both experiments, an sIOR effect was observed, but the magnitude of the sIOR effect was not modulated by repetitions/switches of goals or their locations. Thus, results indicate that goals play a negligible role in the emergence of the sIOR and, consequently, highlight the importance of action observation for the emergence of the sIOR effect.
社会返回抑制（sIOR）效应是指这样一个发现：如果一个动作是朝着另一个人刚刚做出反应的位置执行，那么反应启动时间会更长。以往的研究考察了动作目标对sIOR的影响。然而，在这些研究中，动作终点和要实现的目标（例如，触摸/按下反应键）处于相同的空间位置。在当前的两个实验中，我们通过引入直接由动作产生的动作效应，将动作终点与目标的身份和位置区分开来。类似的方法先前已被证明足够强大，能够清楚地表明动作目标对其他现象的重要性——这一发现与基于效应的动作控制理论（如意动理论）相一致。本研究结果表明，sIOR是由动作终点位置塑造的，而非目标的身份或位置。也就是说，在两个实验中均观察到了sIOR效应，但sIOR效应的大小并未因目标或其位置的重复/切换而受到调节。因此，结果表明目标在sIOR的出现中所起的作用微不足道，从而突出了动作观察对sIOR效应出现的重要性。
