Wang Ying, Li Xiaoyan
Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2015 Jun;29(11):1049-52.
Lymphatic malformations including macrocystic and microcystic malformation are congenital benign vascular disease. The incidence in children is much higher than adults and they most often occur in head and neck. There are a variety of diagnosis and treatment methods in lymphatic malformations. This paper reviewed the recent literatures with respect to the pathology, imaging and treatment of the lymphatic malformations in children. And we detailed the advantage and disadvantage of surgical excision, sclerotherapy, laser ablation and drug treatment of lymphatic malformations particularly in children. Surgical excision continues to be integral to treat in many cases when the lesions involve the eye socket or are large enough to affect breathing, but it should not be overused without consideration of the histologic types and extent. In addition, cervicofacial macrocystic lesions tend to sclerotherapy while superficial mucosal microsystic lesions are amenable to laser therapy. In order to obtain the best treatment outcomes, the treatment protocol should be individualized and comprehensive.
淋巴管畸形，包括大囊型和微囊型畸形，是一种先天性良性血管疾病。儿童发病率远高于成人，且最常发生于头颈部。淋巴管畸形有多种诊断和治疗方法。本文回顾了有关儿童淋巴管畸形的病理学、影像学及治疗的近期文献。我们详细阐述了淋巴管畸形，尤其是儿童淋巴管畸形的手术切除、硬化治疗、激光消融及药物治疗的优缺点。当病变累及眼眶或体积大到足以影响呼吸时，手术切除在许多病例中仍是治疗的重要组成部分，但不应在不考虑组织学类型和范围的情况下过度使用。此外，颈面部大囊型病变倾向于硬化治疗，而浅表黏膜微囊型病变适合激光治疗。为了获得最佳治疗效果，治疗方案应个体化且全面。
