Hunt Mary K, Hennrikus Deborah, Brosseau Lisa M, Hannan Peter J, Katz Marc, Pinsker Erika A, Lando Harry A, Egelhoff Claudia
Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (Ms Hunt and Dr Hennrikus), School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (Dr Brosseau), School of Public Health, University of Illinois, Chicago; Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (Mr Hannan), School of Public Health, University of Minnesota; Minnesota Department of Health (Mr Katz); Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (Mr Katz, Ms Pinsker, and Dr Lando), School of Public Health, University of Minnesota; and Association for Nonsmokers Minnesota (Ms Egelhoff), Minneapolis.
J Occup Environ Med. 2015 Nov;57(11):1185-91. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000536.
We examined characteristics of employees in six occupational categories in small manufacturing businesses (20-150 employees).
We analyzed survey data from 47 businesses (n = 2577 employees; 86% response rate) and examined relationships between job type and sociodemographic, health, and organizational support characteristics. Analyses were adjusted for age and sex, and company as a random effect.
Smoking rates were highest for production workers (33%), production managers (27%), and support staff (28%) and lowest for managers (11%) (P <0.001). Job stress was higher for production workers and support staff than managers (P < 0.0001). Managers perceived social capital (P<0.001), safety climate (P < 0.0001) and support for smoking cessation (P < 0.001) higher than production managers, production workers, and support staff.
Differences in characteristics by occupation call for integrated interventions that target working class employees, leverage the influence of production managers, and enhance organizational support.
我们研究了小型制造企业（20 - 150名员工）六个职业类别的员工特征。
我们分析了47家企业的调查数据（n = 2577名员工；回复率86%），并研究了工作类型与社会人口统计学、健康及组织支持特征之间的关系。分析对年龄和性别进行了调整，并将公司作为随机效应因素。
生产工人（33%）、生产经理（27%）和辅助人员（28%）的吸烟率最高，经理（11%）的吸烟率最低（P < 0.001）。生产工人和辅助人员的工作压力高于经理（P < 0.0001）。经理对社会资本（P < 0.001）、安全氛围（P < 0.0001）和戒烟支持（P < 0.001）的认知高于生产经理、生产工人和辅助人员。
职业特征差异要求针对工人阶级员工采取综合干预措施，利用生产经理的影响力，并加强组织支持。
