Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
PLoS One. 2019 Apr 11;14(4):e0214393. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214393. eCollection 2019.
Recent evidence has suggested that in Japan, professionals and managers have a higher risk of poor health than other workers (e.g., clerks and manual laborers), and this effect may be stronger among women than men. Low organizational justice, which is known to be a potential risk factor for poor health among employees, may explain the gender-specific association.
We examined the associations between perceived organizational justice and psychological distress and stress-related behaviors (smoking and heavy drinking) in 2,216 female and 7,557 male employees aged 18 to 69 years from the Japanese Study of Health, Occupation, and Psychosocial Factors Related Equity. We measured both procedural and interactional justice, and compared managers and professionals with other employees.
After adjusting for demographic characteristics and occupational stress, low levels of perceived procedural and interactional justice were found to be associated with a high prevalence of psychological distress for both women and men, regardless of occupational status. Among female managers and professionals, perceived interactional justice (measured as the levels of supports by supervisors, etc.) was significantly associated with smoking, whereas no such association was observed among other workers. When interactional justice was perceived to be low, the prevalence of smoking was 6.5 percentage points higher among managers and professionals than among others. Neither procedural nor interactional justice was associated with risk of heavy drinking.
Female managers and professionals in a workplace with unsupportive supervisors may be more likely to engage in unhealthy coping behaviors to manage their stress. Creating supportive workplaces may be beneficial in increasing workers' health, especially for female managers and professionals.
最近的证据表明，在日本，专业人员和管理人员的健康状况不佳的风险高于其他工人（例如办事员和体力劳动者），而且这种影响在女性中可能比男性更强。组织公正感较低，这是员工健康不良的潜在危险因素之一，可能解释了这种性别特异性关联。
我们研究了感知到的组织公正感与心理困扰以及与压力相关的行为（吸烟和大量饮酒）之间的关联，在来自日本健康、职业和与公平相关的心理社会因素研究的 2216 名女性和 7557 名 18 至 69 岁的男性员工中进行了研究。我们测量了程序公正感和相互作用公正感，并将经理和专业人员与其他员工进行了比较。
在调整了人口统计学特征和职业压力后，发现感知到的程序公正感和相互作用公正感水平低与女性和男性的心理困扰高发有关，无论职业地位如何。在女性经理和专业人员中，感知到的相互作用公正感（表现为主管等提供的支持水平）与吸烟显著相关，而在其他工人中则没有观察到这种关联。当相互作用公正感较低时，经理和专业人员中的吸烟率比其他工人高 6.5 个百分点。程序公正感和相互作用公正感都与大量饮酒的风险无关。
在主管不支持的工作场所中，女性经理和专业人员可能更有可能采取不健康的应对行为来应对压力。营造支持性的工作场所可能有助于提高员工的健康水平，特别是对女性经理和专业人员而言。
