运动员在低压和常压低氧环境下血红蛋白质量的相似反应。
Similar Hemoglobin Mass Response in Hypobaric and Normobaric Hypoxia in Athletes.
作者信息
Hauser Anna, Schmitt Laurent, Troesch Severin, Saugy Jonas J, Cejuela-Anta Roberto, Faiss Raphael, Robinson Neil, Wehrlin Jon P, Millet Grégoire P
机构信息
1Section for Elite Sport, Swiss Federal Institute of Sport, Magglingen, SWITZERLAND; 2Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, ISSUL, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, SWITZERLAND; 3National School of Mountain Sports/National Ski-Nordic Centre, Prémanon, FRANCE; 4Departmental Section of Physical Education and Sports, University of Alicante, SPAIN; and 5Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Geneva & Lausanne, Center Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois & University of Lausanne, SWITZERLAND.
出版信息
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016 Apr;48(4):734-41. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000808.
PURPOSE
To compare hemoglobin mass (Hb(mass)) changes during an 18-d live high-train low (LHTL) altitude training camp in normobaric hypoxia (NH) and hypobaric hypoxia (HH).
METHODS
Twenty-eight well-trained male triathletes were split into three groups (NH: n = 10, HH: n = 11, control [CON]: n = 7) and participated in an 18-d LHTL camp. NH and HH slept at 2250 m, whereas CON slept, and all groups trained at altitudes <1200 m. Hb(mass) was measured in duplicate with the optimized carbon monoxide rebreathing method before (pre-), immediately after (post-) (hypoxic dose: 316 vs 238 h for HH and NH), and at day 13 in HH (230 h, hypoxic dose matched to 18-d NH). Running (3-km run) and cycling (incremental cycling test) performances were measured pre and post.
RESULTS
Hb(mass) increased similar in HH (+4.4%, P < 0.001 at day 13; +4.5%, P < 0.001 at day 18) and NH (+4.1%, P < 0.001) compared with CON (+1.9%, P = 0.08). There was a wide variability in individual Hb(mass) responses in HH (-0.1% to +10.6%) and NH (-1.4% to +7.7%). Postrunning time decreased in HH (-3.9%, P < 0.001), NH (-3.3%, P < 0.001), and CON (-2.1%, P = 0.03), whereas cycling performance changed nonsignificantly in HH and NH (+2.4%, P > 0.08) and remained unchanged in CON (+0.2%, P = 0.89).
CONCLUSION
HH and NH evoked similar Hb(mass) increases for the same hypoxic dose and after 18-d LHTL. The wide variability in individual Hb(mass) responses in HH and NH emphasizes the importance of individual Hb(mass) evaluation of altitude training.
目的
比较在常压低氧（NH）和低压低氧（HH）环境下进行为期18天的高住低训（LHTL）高原训练营期间血红蛋白总量（Hb(mass)）的变化。
方法
28名训练有素的男性铁人三项运动员被分为三组（NH组：n = 10；HH组：n = 11；对照组[CON]：n = 7），并参加了为期18天的LHTL训练营。NH组和HH组在海拔2250米处睡眠，而CON组在海拔低于1200米处睡眠，所有组均在该海拔以下进行训练。在训练前（pre-）、训练后即刻（post-）（HH组和NH组的低氧暴露时间分别为316小时和238小时）以及HH组第13天（230小时，低氧暴露时间与18天的NH组匹配），使用优化的一氧化碳再呼吸法对Hb(mass)进行重复测量。在训练前后测量跑步（3公里跑）和骑行（递增骑行测试）成绩。
结果
与CON组（增加1.9%，P = 0.08）相比，HH组（第13天增加4.4%，P < 0.001；第18天增加4.5%，P < 0.001）和NH组（增加4.1%，P < 0.001）的Hb(mass)增加幅度相似。HH组（-0.1%至+10.6%）和NH组（-1.4%至+7.7%）个体的Hb(mass)反应存在很大差异。HH组（下降3.9%，P < 0.001）、NH组（下降3.3%，P < 0.001）和CON组（下降2.1%，P = 0.03）的跑步后用时均减少，而HH组和NH组的骑行成绩变化不显著（增加2.4%，P > 0.08），CON组保持不变（增加0.2%，P = 0.89）。
结论
对于相同的低氧剂量和18天的LHTL训练，HH组和NH组引起的Hb(mass)增加相似。HH组和NH组个体的Hb(mass)反应存在很大差异，这强调了在高原训练中对个体Hb(mass)进行评估的重要性。
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