Saugy Jonas J, Schmoutz Tania, Botrè Francesco
Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne (ISSUL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
Research and Expertise in anti-Doping Sciences (REDs), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Front Sports Act Living. 2022 Jun 30;4:864532. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2022.864532. eCollection 2022.
The hematological module of the Athlete's Biological Passport (ABP) identifies doping methods and/or substances used to increase the blood's capacity to transport or deliver oxygen to the tissues. Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPOs) are doping substances known to boost the production of red blood cells and might have an effect on the blood biomarkers of the ABP. However, hypoxic exposure influences these biomarkers similarly to rhEPOs. This analogous impact complicates the ABP profiles' interpretation by antidoping experts. The present study aimed to collect and identify, through a literature search, the physiological effects on ABP blood biomarkers induced by these external factors. A total of 43 studies were selected for this review. A positive correlation (R = 0.605, r = 0.778, < 0.001) was identified between the hypoxic dose and the increase in hemoglobin concentration (HGB) percentage. In addition, the change in the reticulocyte percentage (RET%) has been identified as one of the most sensitive parameters to rhEPO use. The mean effects of rhEPO on blood parameters were greater than those induced by hypoxic exposure (1.7 times higher for HGB and RET% and 4 times higher for hemoglobin mass). However, rhEPO micro-doses have shown effects that are hardly distinguishable from those identified after hypoxic exposure. The results of the literature search allowed to identify temporal and quantitative evolution of blood parameters in connection with different hypoxic exposure doses, as well as different rhEPOs doses. This might be considered to provide justified and well-documented interpretations of physiological changes in blood parameters of the Athlete Biological Passport.
运动员生物护照（ABP）的血液学模块可识别用于提高血液向组织输送或递送氧气能力的兴奋剂使用方法和/或物质。重组人促红细胞生成素（rhEPO）是已知的能促进红细胞生成的兴奋剂物质，可能会对ABP的血液生物标志物产生影响。然而，低氧暴露对这些生物标志物的影响与rhEPO类似。这种类似的影响使反兴奋剂专家对ABP数据的解读变得复杂。本研究旨在通过文献检索收集并识别这些外部因素对ABP血液生物标志物的生理影响。本综述共筛选了43项研究。低氧剂量与血红蛋白浓度（HGB）百分比的增加之间存在正相关（R = 0.605，r = 0.778，<0.001）。此外，网织红细胞百分比（RET%）的变化已被确定为使用rhEPO最敏感的参数之一。rhEPO对血液参数的平均影响大于低氧暴露所诱导的影响（HGB和RET%高1.7倍，血红蛋白质量高4倍）。然而，rhEPO微剂量所显示的效果与低氧暴露后所识别的效果几乎无法区分。文献检索结果有助于识别与不同低氧暴露剂量以及不同rhEPO剂量相关的血液参数的时间和定量变化。这可能被认为可为运动员生物护照血液参数的生理变化提供合理且有充分文献记录的解释。
