Individual hemoglobin mass response to normobaric and hypobaric "live high-train low": A one-year crossover study.

The purpose of this research was to compare individual hemoglobin mass (Hb) changes following a live high-train low (LHTL) altitude training camp under either normobaric hypoxia (NH) or hypobaric hypoxia (HH) conditions in endurance athletes. In a crossover design with a one-year washout, 15 male triathletes randomly performed two 18-day LHTL training camps in either HH or NH. All athletes slept at 2,250 meters and trained at altitudes <1,200 meters. Hb was measured in duplicate with the optimized carbon monoxide rebreathing method before (pre) and immediately after (post) each 18-day training camp. Hb increased similarly in HH (916-957 g, 4.5 ± 2.2%, < 0.001) and in NH (918-953 g, 3.8 ± 2.6%, < 0.001). Hb changes did not differ between HH and NH ( = 0.42). There was substantial interindividual variability among subjects to both interventions (i.e., individual responsiveness or the individual variation in the response to an intervention free of technical noise): 0.9% in HH and 1.7% in NH. However, a correlation between intraindividual ΔHb changes (%) in HH and in NH ( = 0.52, = 0.048) was observed. HH and NH evoked similar mean Hb increases following LHTL. Among the mean Hb changes, there was a notable variation in individual Hb response that tended to be reproducible. This is the first study to compare individual hemoglobin mass (Hb) response to normobaric and hypobaric live high-train low using a same-subject crossover design. The main findings indicate that hypobaric and normobaric hypoxia evoked a similar mean increase in Hb following 18 days of live high-train low. Notable variability and reproducibility in individual Hb responses between athletes was observed, indicating the importance of evaluating individual Hb response to altitude training.