Haller Chiara S
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138,USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, MA 02115, USA.
J Affect Disord. 2016 Jan 15;190:407-413. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.038. Epub 2015 Oct 28.
Worldwide, tobacco use causes more than 5 million deaths per year. The present study investigated possible preventative factors of nicotine dependence, such as mood and Satisfaction With Life (SWL).
Longitudinal Internet survey of 1957 individuals assessed three times at a two week interval (2007-2010).
Cigarette Dependence Scale (CDS), feeling prisoner to cigarettes, smoking cessation, reduction, and relapse.
Time (i.e. trajectory of dependence over time), smoking status (daily, occasional or ex-smoker), mood, and SWL. All measures were assessed at each time point.
Both SWL, and mood, respectively were significantly associated with dependence (slopeSWL=-0.03, slopeSWL=-0.11, ps<0.001). With respect to feeling prisoner to cigarettes, mood but not SWL showed a significant association (slopeSWL=-0.14, p<0.001). Occasional, and ex-smokers showed significantly greater decrease in psychological dependence, as mood increased, than daily smokers (slopeoccasional=-0.28, poccasional=0.011; slopeex=-0.27, pex<0.001). Smoking cessation decreased over time, and both mood, as well as SWL had a significant impact on cessation (ORmood=1.43, pmood<0.01, ORSWL=1.15, pSWL=0.042). Reduction in smoking was predicted by SWL only (ORSWL=1.21, p=0.043), whereas relapse was predicted by mood only (ORmood=0.55, p<0.01).
The participants were self-selected. Possible confounding relationships (e.g., medication) have to be further assessed.
Cigarette dependence, feeling prisoner to cigarettes, cessation, and reduction are significantly influenced by both mood and SWL. Treatments may thus tackle mood regulation, SWL, and nicotine dependence in tandem.
在全球范围内，烟草使用每年导致超过500万人死亡。本研究调查了尼古丁依赖的可能预防因素，如情绪和生活满意度（SWL）。
对1957名个体进行纵向网络调查，每两周评估一次，共评估三次（2007 - 2010年）。
香烟依赖量表（CDS）、感觉被香烟束缚、戒烟、减少吸烟量和复吸。
时间（即随时间的依赖轨迹）、吸烟状况（每日吸烟、偶尔吸烟或已戒烟者）、情绪和生活满意度。所有指标在每个时间点进行评估。
生活满意度和情绪分别与依赖显著相关（生活满意度斜率=-0.03，情绪斜率=-0.11，p<0.001）。关于感觉被香烟束缚，情绪显示出显著相关性，而生活满意度则未显示（情绪斜率=-0.14，p<0.001）。随着情绪增加，偶尔吸烟者和已戒烟者的心理依赖下降幅度明显大于每日吸烟者（偶尔吸烟者斜率=-0.28，p偶尔吸烟者=0.011；已戒烟者斜率=-0.27，p已戒烟者<0.001）。戒烟率随时间下降，情绪和生活满意度对戒烟均有显著影响（情绪优势比=1.43，p情绪<0.01，生活满意度优势比=1.15，p生活满意度=0.042）。吸烟量减少仅由生活满意度预测（生活满意度优势比=1.21，p=0.043），而复吸仅由情绪预测（情绪优势比=0.55，p<0.01）。
参与者为自我选择。可能的混杂关系（如药物治疗）有待进一步评估。
香烟依赖、感觉被香烟束缚、戒烟和减少吸烟量均受情绪和生活满意度的显著影响。因此，治疗可能需要同时解决情绪调节、生活满意度和尼古丁依赖问题。
