Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Research Services, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
PLoS One. 2021 Oct 29;16(10):e0259280. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259280. eCollection 2021.
The bidirectional relationship between health behavior and subjective well-being has previously been studied sparsely, and mainly for individual health behaviors and regression models. In the present study, we deepen this knowledge focusing on the four principal health behaviors and using structural equation modeling with selected covariates.
The follow-up data (n = 11,804) was derived from a population-based random sample of working-age Finns from two waves (2003 and 2012) of the Health and Social Support (HeSSup) postal survey. Structural equation modeling was used to study the cross-sectional, cross-lagged, and longitudinal relationships between the four principal health behaviors and subjective well-being at baseline and after the nine-year follow-up adjusted for age, gender, education, and self-reported diseases. The included health behaviors were physical activity, dietary habits, alcohol consumption, and smoking status. Subjective well-being was measured through four items comprising happiness, interest, and ease in life, and perceived loneliness.
Bidirectionally, only health behavior in 2003 predicted subjective well-being in 2012, whereas subjective well-being in 2003 did not predict health behavior in 2012. In addition, the cross-sectional interactions in 2003 and in 2012 between health behavior and subjective well-being were statistically significant. The baseline levels predicted their respective follow-up levels, the effect being stronger in health behavior than in subjective well-being.
The four principal health behaviors together predict subsequent subjective well-being after an extensive follow-up. Although not particularly strong, the results could still be used for motivation for health behavior change, because of the beneficial effects of health behavior on subjective well-being.
健康行为与主观幸福感之间的双向关系此前研究较少，且主要针对个体健康行为和回归模型。本研究以四项主要健康行为为重点，使用结构方程模型和选定的协变量，深入了解这一关系。
本研究的数据来源于基于人群的芬兰工作年龄人群的两波（2003 年和 2012 年）健康和社会支持（HeSSup）邮差调查的随访数据（n=11804）。采用结构方程模型研究了四项主要健康行为与基线和九年随访时主观幸福感之间的横断面、交叉滞后和纵向关系，调整了年龄、性别、教育程度和自我报告疾病等因素。纳入的健康行为包括身体活动、饮食习惯、饮酒和吸烟状况。主观幸福感通过包括幸福感、兴趣感和生活轻松感以及孤独感在内的四项指标进行测量。
在双向关系中，只有 2003 年的健康行为预测了 2012 年的主观幸福感，而 2003 年的主观幸福感并未预测 2012 年的健康行为。此外，2003 年和 2012 年健康行为与主观幸福感的横断面交互作用具有统计学意义。基线水平预测了各自的随访水平，健康行为的影响大于主观幸福感。
四项主要健康行为共同预测了广泛随访后的后续主观幸福感。尽管效果不是特别强，但由于健康行为对主观幸福感的有益影响，这些结果仍可用于健康行为改变的动机。
