Nechita I S, Poirel M T, Cozma V, Zenner L
University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Avenue Manastur 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; VetAgro Sup, Veterinary Campus of Lyon, University of Lyon, Department of Parasitology, 1 avenue Bourgelat, F-69280 Marcy-Etoile, France.
VetAgro Sup, Veterinary Campus of Lyon, University of Lyon, Department of Parasitology, 1 avenue Bourgelat, F-69280 Marcy-Etoile, France; Laboratory of Biometrics and Evolutionary Biology, CNRS UMR 5558, University of Lyon, 43 Boulevard of 11 November, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
Vet Parasitol. 2015 Dec 15;214(3-4):348-52. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.10.014. Epub 2015 Oct 24.
The economic impact of the poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, the lack of new acaricides, the occurrence of resistance and tighter legislation have all led to the need to find new ways to control this pest. One promising alternative method of control focuses on employing repellent and/or toxic effects of selected plant essential oils against D. gallinae. Ten essential oils (basil, thyme, coriander, eucalyptus, lavender, lemon, fir tree, oregano, mint, and juniper) were tested for the persistence of toxic and repellent effects. In filter-paper toxicity bioassays against D. gallinae, the best results were observed for lavender (more than 97% mortality after 48 and 72 h) and thyme (84% at 72 h) at a dose of 0.12 mg/cm(2). In addition, two oils showed significant persistent toxic effects 15 and 30 days post application to filter papers. Thyme was the most effective (100% mortality at 72 h), followed by lavender (nearly 80% mortality after 72 h). Out of the ten oils tested for their repellent effect, thyme was the strongest, with nearly 80% of the tested area avoided by mites; oregano caused a 60% avoidance and lavender exhibited an effect close to 40%. All other oils exhibited a repellent effect of less than 30%. None of the experiments showed a repellent effect for HM (commercial alimentary oil) or negative controls. We found that the thyme and lavender essential oils exhibited promising results when tested in vitro for toxic and repellent effects against D. gallinae; thus, we suggest that future experiments focus on in vivo tests using these oils in farm units.
鸡皮刺螨（Dermanyssus gallinae）造成的经济影响、新型杀螨剂的匮乏、抗药性的出现以及愈发严格的法规，都促使人们必须寻找控制这种害虫的新方法。一种很有前景的替代控制方法聚焦于利用所选植物精油对鸡皮刺螨的驱避和/或毒性作用。对10种精油（罗勒、百里香、芫荽、桉树、薰衣草、柠檬、冷杉、牛至、薄荷和杜松）的毒性和驱避作用的持久性进行了测试。在针对鸡皮刺螨的滤纸毒性生物测定中，薰衣草（48小时和72小时后死亡率超过97%）和百里香（72小时时为84%）在剂量为0.12毫克/平方厘米时效果最佳。此外，两种精油在施用于滤纸后15天和30天显示出显著的持续毒性作用。百里香最有效（72小时时死亡率为100%），其次是薰衣草（72小时后死亡率接近80%）。在测试的10种精油的驱避效果中，百里香最强，螨虫避开了近80%的测试区域；牛至造成60%的避开率，薰衣草的效果接近40%。所有其他精油的驱避效果均低于30%。所有实验均未显示HM（商业食用油）或阴性对照有驱避效果。我们发现，百里香和薰衣草精油在体外针对鸡皮刺螨的毒性和驱避效果测试中表现出了良好的结果；因此，我们建议未来的实验集中于在农场单元中使用这些精油进行体内测试。
