Stuke Heiner, Bermpohl Felix
Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie - Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte.
Psychiatr Prax. 2016 Jul;43(5):245-52. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1552769. Epub 2015 Nov 10.
Epidemiological and neurobiological research suggests an association between stress and the development of depression. In this context, the question arises whether certain working conditions do act as depressogenic stressors.
We systematically reviewed cross-sectional and prospective studies (published since 2005) investigating the association between working conditions and the occurrence of depression. Moreover, meta-analyses on reported effect sizes were calculated.
Our meta-analyses confirmed a depressogenic effect of high job demands and the combination of high demands and low job control ("Job Strain"). We did not find an effect of low job control alone. The impact of these working conditions is modulated by contextual factors like occupational grade or cognitive coping strategies.
Based on these results, we suggest an extended model of working conditions, coping capacities, and their relation to the development of depression. This can be utilized for strategies of occupational prevention and individual therapy.
流行病学和神经生物学研究表明，压力与抑郁症的发生之间存在关联。在这种情况下，就会出现某些工作条件是否确实会成为导致抑郁症的压力源这一问题。
我们系统回顾了（2005年以来发表的）横断面研究和前瞻性研究，这些研究调查了工作条件与抑郁症发生之间的关联。此外，还对报告的效应大小进行了荟萃分析。
我们的荟萃分析证实了高工作要求以及高要求与低工作控制相结合（“工作压力”）具有导致抑郁症的作用。我们未发现仅低工作控制具有这种作用。这些工作条件的影响会受到职业等级或认知应对策略等背景因素的调节。
基于这些结果，我们提出了一个关于工作条件、应对能力及其与抑郁症发生关系的扩展模型。这可用于职业预防策略和个体治疗。
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