Trantham-Davidson Heather, Chandler L Judson
Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
Alcohol. 2015 Dec;49(8):773-9. doi: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2015.09.001. Epub 2015 Oct 23.
Long-term alcohol use leads to persistent cognitive deficits that may be associated with maladaptive changes in the neurocircuitry that mediates executive functions. Impairments caused by these changes can persist well into abstinence and have a negative impact on quality of life and job performance, and can increase the probability of relapse. Many of the changes that affect cognitive function appear to involve dysregulation of the mesocortical dopamine system. This includes changes in dopamine release and alterations in dopamine receptor expression and function in the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC). This review summarizes the cellular effects of acute and chronic ethanol exposure on dopamine release and dopamine receptor function in the PFC with the goal of providing greater understanding of the effects of alcohol-use disorders on the dopamine system and how this relates to deficits in the executive function of the PFC.
长期饮酒会导致持续性认知缺陷,这可能与介导执行功能的神经回路的适应不良变化有关。这些变化所导致的损害在戒酒很长时间后仍会持续,对生活质量和工作表现产生负面影响,并会增加复发的可能性。许多影响认知功能的变化似乎涉及中脑皮质多巴胺系统的调节异常。这包括多巴胺释放的变化以及内侧前额叶皮质(PFC)中多巴胺受体表达和功能的改变。本综述总结了急性和慢性乙醇暴露对PFC中多巴胺释放和多巴胺受体功能的细胞效应,目的是更深入地了解酒精使用障碍对多巴胺系统的影响,以及这与PFC执行功能缺陷之间的关系。