Belussi Lorenzo, Barozzi Benedetta
ITC-CNR, Construction Technologies Institute-National Research Council of Italy, Via Lombardia, 49, 20098, San Giuliano Milanese, MI, Italy.
Environ Monit Assess. 2015 Dec;187(12):745. doi: 10.1007/s10661-015-4960-1. Epub 2015 Nov 12.
The global environmental impact of urban areas has greatly increased over the years, due to the growth of urbanisation and the associated increase in management costs. There are several measures aimed at mitigating this impact that affect in different ways the environmental, economic and societal spheres. This article has analysed a selection of different mitigation measures, related to the built environment, according to the life cycle approach, aimed at identifying the procedural features chosen by the different authors and defining a common way to deal with this issue. In particular, all the individual single steps of a Life Cycle Assessment/Life Cycle Costing of the different studies are analysed and the results of the individual measures are highlighted. The analysis has shown how the scientific literature is mainly focused on the evaluation of the impact of technological solutions related to individual buildings (cool/green roof). Less interest is shown in the solutions for urban areas, while, as far as the impact on greenhouse gas emissions is concerned, some studies are shifting the target to a global scale. Due to the accuracy whereby the calculation of the impact indicators deals with and structures the life cycle methods, opportunities to compare studies developed by different authors are quite rare and hard to find. Hence the need to find a simple, intuitive and flexible scheme to combine some of the most useful results of the bibliographical studies, in a comparative outline of different technological solutions, which can support the decision-making phase through a rough assessment.
多年来，由于城市化进程的加快以及相关管理成本的增加，城市地区对全球环境的影响大幅上升。有若干旨在减轻这种影响的措施，这些措施以不同方式影响环境、经济和社会领域。本文根据生命周期方法，分析了一系列与建筑环境相关的不同缓解措施，旨在确定不同作者所采用的程序特征，并确定处理这一问题的通用方法。特别是，对不同研究的生命周期评估/生命周期成本核算的所有单独步骤进行了分析，并突出了各项措施的结果。分析表明，科学文献主要侧重于评估与单个建筑相关的技术解决方案（凉爽/绿色屋顶）的影响。对城市地区的解决方案关注较少，而在温室气体排放影响方面，一些研究正将目标转向全球范围。由于影响指标的计算处理和构建生命周期方法的准确性，比较不同作者开展的研究的机会相当罕见且难以找到。因此，需要找到一个简单、直观且灵活的方案，以便在不同技术解决方案的比较概述中结合文献研究的一些最有用的结果，从而通过粗略评估支持决策阶段。
