Ganong W F
Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco.
Horm Res. 1989;31(1-2):24-31. doi: 10.1159/000181082.
Angiotensin II (AII) is present in gonadotropes in rats, and there are AII receptors on lactotropes and corticotropes. AII may be a paracrine mediator that stimulates the secretion of prolactin and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) at the level of the pituitary, but additional research is needed to define its exact role. Angiotensinogen may also reach the gonadotropes via a paracrine route. On the other hand, there is considerable evidence that brain AII stimulates the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) by increasing the secretion of LH-releasing hormone, and that this effect is due to AII-mediated release of norepinephrine from noradrenergic nerve terminals in the preoptic region of the hypothalamus. In addition, brain AII inhibits the secretion of prolactin, probably by increasing the release of dopamine into the portal hypophyseal vessels. Circulating AII stimulates the secretion of a third anterior pituitary hormone, ACTH, by acting on one or more of the circumventricular organs to increase the secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone.
血管紧张素II（AII）存在于大鼠的促性腺激素细胞中，催乳素细胞和促肾上腺皮质激素细胞上有AII受体。AII可能是一种旁分泌介质，在垂体水平刺激催乳素和促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）的分泌，但需要进一步研究来确定其确切作用。血管紧张素原也可能通过旁分泌途径到达促性腺激素细胞。另一方面，有大量证据表明，脑内AII通过增加促黄体生成素释放激素的分泌来刺激促黄体生成素（LH）的分泌，且这种作用是由于AII介导的去甲肾上腺素从下丘脑视前区的去甲肾上腺素能神经末梢释放所致。此外，脑内AII可能通过增加多巴胺向垂体门脉血管的释放来抑制催乳素的分泌。循环中的AII通过作用于一个或多个室周器官来增加促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素的分泌，从而刺激垂体前叶的第三种激素ACTH的分泌。
