Blickensderfer Elizabeth L, Lanicci John M, Vincent Michael J, Thomas Robert L, Smith MaryJo, Cruit Jessica K
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL, USA.
Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015 Oct;86(10):881-8. doi: 10.3357/AMHP.4174.2015.
Over the past 10-15 yr, considerable research has occurred for the development, testing, and fielding of real-time Datalink weather products for general aviation (GA) pilots to use before and during flight. As is the case with the implementation of most new technologies, work is needed to ensure that the users (in this case, the pilots) understand both the capabilities and limitations of the new technologies as well as how to use the new systems to improve their task performance. The purpose of this study was to replicate and extend a previous study on training pilots how and when to use these new weather technologies.
This field study used a quasi-experimental design (pre- vs. post-test with a control group). There were 91 GA pilots from the Midwest, Northeastern, and Southeastern United States who participated in a 2-h short course or a control activity. The lecture-based short course covered radar basics, Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD), NEXRAD specifics/limitations, thunderstorm basics, radar products, and decision making.
The pilots who participated in the course earned higher knowledge test scores, improved at applying the concepts in paper-based flight scenarios, had higher self-efficacy in post-training assessments as compared to pre-training assessments, and also performed better than did control subjects on post-test knowledge and skills assessments.
GA pilots lack knowledge about real-time Datalink weather technology. This study indicates that a relatively short training program was effective for fostering Datalink weather-related knowledge and skills in GA pilots.
在过去10至15年里，针对通用航空（GA）飞行员在飞行前和飞行期间使用的实时数据链天气产品的开发、测试和应用，已经开展了大量研究。与大多数新技术的实施情况一样，需要开展工作以确保用户（在这种情况下是飞行员）了解新技术的功能和局限性，以及如何使用新系统来提高他们的任务绩效。本研究的目的是重复并扩展之前一项关于培训飞行员如何以及何时使用这些新天气技术的研究。
本实地研究采用了准实验设计（有对照组的前后测）。来自美国中西部、东北部和东南部的91名通用航空飞行员参加了一个2小时的短期课程或一项对照活动。这个以讲座为主的短期课程涵盖了雷达基础知识、下一代天气雷达（NEXRAD）、NEXRAD的具体情况/局限性、雷暴基础知识、雷达产品以及决策制定。
参加该课程的飞行员获得了更高的知识测试分数，在基于纸质飞行场景中应用这些概念方面有所提高，与培训前评估相比，在培训后评估中的自我效能感更高，并且在测试后的知识和技能评估中表现也优于对照组受试者。
通用航空飞行员缺乏关于实时数据链天气技术的知识。本研究表明，一个相对较短的培训项目对于培养通用航空飞行员与数据链天气相关的知识和技能是有效的。
