Sufrinko Alicia, Johnson Eric W, Henry Luke C
Sports Medicine Concussion Program, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.
Neuropsychology. 2016 May;30(4):484-91. doi: 10.1037/neu0000250. Epub 2015 Nov 16.
Typically, the effects of sleep duration on cognition are examined in isolation.
This study examined the effects of restricted sleep and related symptoms on neurocognitive performance.
Baseline Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) and postconcussion symptom scale (PCSS) were administered to athletes (N = 7,150) ages 14-17 (M = 15.26, SD = 1.09) prior to sport participation. Three groups of athletes were derived from total sleep duration: sleep restriction (≤5 hours), typical sleep (5.5-8.5 hours), and optimal sleep (≥9 hours). A MANCOVA (age and sex as covariates) was conducted to examine differences across ImPACT/PCSS. Follow-up MANOVA compared ImPACT/PCSS performance among symptomatic (e.g., trouble falling asleep, sleeping less than usual) adolescents from the sleep restriction group (n = 78) with asymptomatic optimal sleepers (n = 99).
A dose-response effect of sleep duration on ImPACT performance and PCSS was replicated (Wilk's λ = .98, F2,7145 = 17.25, p < .001, η2 = .01). The symptomatic sleep restricted adolescents (n = 78) had poorer neurocognitive performance: verbal memory, F = 11.60, p = .001, visual memory, F = 6.57, p = .01, visual motor speed, F = 6.19, p = .01, and reaction time (RT), F = 5.21, p = .02, compared to demographically matched controls (n = 99). Girls in the sleep problem group performed worse on RT (p = .024).
Examining the combination of sleep-related symptoms and reduced sleep duration effectively identified adolescents at risk for poor neurocognitive performance than sleep duration alone. (PsycINFO Database Record
通常情况下，睡眠时长对认知的影响是单独进行研究的。
本研究考察了睡眠受限及相关症状对神经认知表现的影响。
在运动员（N = 7150名）14 - 17岁（M = 15.26，SD = 1.09）参加运动前，对其进行基线脑震荡后即刻评估与认知测试（ImPACT）以及脑震荡后症状量表（PCSS）测评。根据总睡眠时间将运动员分为三组：睡眠受限组（≤5小时）、典型睡眠组（5.5 - 8.5小时）和最佳睡眠组（≥9小时）。进行了一项协方差分析（以年龄和性别作为协变量）以检验ImPACT/PCSS之间的差异。后续的多变量方差分析比较了睡眠受限组中有症状（如入睡困难、睡眠比平时少）的青少年（n = 78）与无症状的最佳睡眠者（n = 99）之间的ImPACT/PCSS表现。
睡眠时长对ImPACT表现和PCSS的剂量反应效应得到了重复验证（威尔克斯λ = 0.98，F(2,7145) = 17.25，p < 0.001，η² = 0.01）。与人口统计学匹配的对照组（n = 99）相比，有症状的睡眠受限青少年（n = 78）的神经认知表现更差：言语记忆，F = 11.60，p = 0.001；视觉记忆，F = 6.57，p = 0.01；视觉运动速度，F = 6.19，p = 0.01；以及反应时间（RT），F = 5.21，p = 0.02。睡眠问题组中的女孩在反应时间方面表现更差（p = 0.024）。
与仅考察睡眠时长相比，综合考察与睡眠相关的症状和缩短的睡眠时长能更有效地识别出有神经认知表现不佳风险的青少年。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》
