Kramer Laura D, Ciota Alexander T
Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA.
Curr Opin Virol. 2015 Dec;15:112-8. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2015.10.003. Epub 2015 Dec 6.
The inter-relationship between mosquitoes and the viruses they transmit is complex. While previously understood barriers to infection and transmission remain valid, additional factors have been uncovered that suggest an 'arms race' between mosquito and virus. These include the mosquito microbiota and interplay between mosquito and viral genetics. Following an infectious blood meal, the mosquito mounts an immune and transcriptional response, leading to altered expression of multiple genes. These complex interactions, specific to vector and virus genotypes, combine with external influences, particularly temperature, to determine vector competence. The mosquito's response to the infecting agent may have consequences in terms of longevity, feeding behavior and/or fecundity. These factors, together with population density and the frequency of host contact determine vectorial capacity.
蚊子与其传播的病毒之间的相互关系很复杂。虽然以前所理解的感染和传播障碍仍然有效，但已发现其他因素表明蚊子和病毒之间存在“军备竞赛”。这些因素包括蚊子的微生物群以及蚊子与病毒基因之间的相互作用。在吸食感染性血液后，蚊子会产生免疫和转录反应，导致多个基因的表达发生改变。这些特定于媒介和病毒基因型的复杂相互作用，与外部影响因素（尤其是温度）相结合，决定了媒介的传播能力。蚊子对感染因子的反应可能会对寿命、摄食行为和/或繁殖力产生影响。这些因素，连同种群密度和宿主接触频率，决定了传播能力。
