Evaluation of Yellow Fever Virus Infection in Mosquitoes from Pakistan with Distinct Knockdown Resistance Genotypes.

BACKGROUND

Yellow fever (YF) is an acute hemorrhagic disease endemic to Africa and Latin America; however, no cases have been reported in Asian regions with high infestation. Factors such as environmental conditions and genetic variations in the yellow fever virus (YFV) strains and mosquito populations may explain this absence. Mosquito populations have undergone strong selective pressure owing to the excessive use of insecticides. This pressure has led to the spread of alterations, such as knockdown-resistant mutations (), which, while conferring resistance to pyrethroids, also induce various physiological side effects in the insect. Therefore, it is important to investigate whether the presence of mutations influences the infectivity of YFV mosquitoes. This study evaluated the susceptibility of . from Pakistan with distinct genotypes to different YFV strains under laboratory conditions.

METHODS

. from a Pakistani colony were exposed to YFV strains (PR4408/2008 and ES504/2017) along with the Rockefeller strain. After 14 days, RNA and DNA were extracted for viral RNA detection (qPCR) and genotyping (TaqMan qPCR and HRM for T1520I and F1534C SNPs).

RESULTS

Pakistani . were orally susceptible to YFV, with infection rates of 83.7% (PR4408/2008) and 61.3% (ES504), respectively, similar to Rockefeller. Two kdr genotypes (II + CC and TI + FC) were identified, with no significant differences in viral infection or dissemination rates.

CONCLUSIONS

The . population from Asia is capable of YFV infection and dissemination, regardless of genotype.