Keil Petr, Storch David, Jetz Walter
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8106, USA.
Center for Theoretical Study, Jilská 1, 110 00, Prague 1, Czech Republic.
Nat Commun. 2015 Nov 17;6:8837. doi: 10.1038/ncomms9837.
Predictions of how different facets of biodiversity decline with habitat loss are broadly needed, yet challenging. Here we provide theory and a global empirical evaluation to address this challenge. We show that extinction estimates based on endemics-area and backward species-area relationships are complementary, and the crucial difference comprises the geometry of area loss. Across three taxa on four continents, the relative loss of species, and of phylogenetic and functional diversity, is highest when habitable area disappears inward from the edge of a region, lower when it disappears from the centre outwards, and lowest when area is lost at random. In inward destruction, species loss is almost proportional to area loss, although the decline in phylogenetic and functional diversity is less severe. These trends are explained by the geometry of species ranges and the shape of phylogenetic and functional trees, which may allow baseline predictions of biodiversity decline for underexplored taxa.
人们广泛需要对生物多样性的不同方面如何随栖息地丧失而下降进行预测，但这具有挑战性。在此，我们提供理论和全球实证评估来应对这一挑战。我们表明，基于特有种 - 面积关系和逆向物种 - 面积关系的灭绝估计是互补的，关键差异在于面积丧失的几何形状。在四大洲的三个分类群中，当可居住面积从区域边缘向内消失时，物种、系统发育和功能多样性的相对丧失最高；当面积从中心向外消失时，相对丧失较低；当面积随机丧失时，相对丧失最低。在向内破坏的情况下，物种丧失几乎与面积丧失成正比，尽管系统发育和功能多样性的下降不太严重。这些趋势可以通过物种分布范围的几何形状以及系统发育树和功能树的形状来解释，这可能有助于对未充分研究的分类群的生物多样性下降进行基线预测。
