Armacost Kira A, Goh Garrett B, Brooks Charles L
Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.
J Chem Theory Comput. 2015 Mar 10;11(3):1267-77. doi: 10.1021/ct500894k.
Traditional free energy calculation methods are well-known for their drawbacks in scalability and speed in converging results particularly for calculations with large perturbations. In the present work, we report on the development of biasing potential replica exchange multisite λ-dynamics (BP-REX MSλD), which is a free energy method that is capable of performing simultaneous alchemical free energy transformations, including perturbations between flexible moieties. BP-REX MSλD and the original MSλD are applied to a series of symmetrical 2,5-benzoquinone derivatives covering a diverse chemical space and range of conformational flexibility. Improved λ-space sampling is observed for the BP-REX MSλD simulations, yielding a 2-5-fold increase in the number of transitions between substituents compared to traditional MSλD. We also demonstrate the efficacy of varying the value of c, the parameter that controls the ruggedness of the landscape mediating the sampling of λ-states, based on the flexibility of the fragment. Finally, we developed a protocol for maximizing the transition frequency between fragments. This protocol reduces the "kinetic barrier" for alchemically transforming fragments by grouping and ordering based on volume. These findings are applied to a challenging test set involving a series of geldanamycin-based inhibitors of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). Even though the perturbations span volume changes by as large as 60 Å(3), the values for the free energy change achieve an average unsigned error (AUE) of 1.5 kcal/mol relative to experimental Kd measurements with a reasonable correlation (R = 0.56). Our results suggest that the BP-REX MSλD algorithm is a highly efficient and scalable free energy method, which when utilized will enable routine calculations on the order of hundreds of compounds using only a few simulations.
传统的自由能计算方法因其在可扩展性和收敛结果速度方面的缺点而闻名,特别是对于具有大扰动的计算。在本工作中,我们报告了偏置势副本交换多站点λ动力学(BP-REX MSλD)的开发,这是一种能够同时进行炼金术自由能转换的自由能方法,包括柔性部分之间的扰动。BP-REX MSλD和原始的MSλD被应用于一系列对称的2,5-苯醌衍生物,这些衍生物涵盖了不同的化学空间和构象灵活性范围。在BP-REX MSλD模拟中观察到了改进的λ空间采样,与传统的MSλD相比,取代基之间的跃迁次数增加了2至5倍。我们还基于片段的灵活性,证明了改变控制介导λ态采样的景观崎岖度的参数c值的有效性。最后,我们开发了一种最大化片段之间跃迁频率的方案。该方案通过基于体积进行分组和排序,降低了炼金术转换片段的“动力学障碍”。这些发现被应用于一个具有挑战性的测试集,该测试集涉及一系列基于格尔德霉素的热休克蛋白90(Hsp90)抑制剂。尽管扰动跨度高达60 Å(3)的体积变化,但相对于实验Kd测量值,自由能变化值的平均无符号误差(AUE)为1.5 kcal/mol,具有合理的相关性(R = 0.56)。我们的结果表明,BP-REX MSλD算法是一种高效且可扩展的自由能方法,使用该方法仅需进行少量模拟就能对数百种化合物进行常规计算。