Santos Preciado José Ignacio
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2015 Jul-Aug;89(4):353-5. doi: 10.4321/S1135-57272015000400003.
Like some other countries in the Region, Spain has recently experienced multiple but small measles outbreaks resulting from several importations and in which health care professionals were also infected. The European Regional Verification Commission (RVC) for Measles and Rubella Elimination, an independent panel of experts, conducted an annual review of the reports submitted by the National Verification Committees (NVC) and a country visit to assess the status of interruption of endemic transmission of these diseases in Spain. Essential criteria supporting interruption included absence of endemic transmission in the presence of high-quality surveillance system and genotyping evidence. High vaccination coverage with the first dose of measles -and rubella-containing vaccine (MRCV1) has been maintained above 95% at national level. The figure is based on the number of doses administered to children aged 12-24 months. However, there are two autonomous regions, namely Cataluña and Castilla y Leon with low (<90%) vaccination coverage. In the autonomous regions of Murcia and Melilla, although the coverage with MRCV1 was above 95%, that of the second dose of measles -and rubella-containing vaccine was below 90. On the basis of the evidence provided, with only two imported cases of rubella in 2013, the RVC concluded that endemic transmission of rubella had been interrupted in Spain, but there is a risk of re-establishing transmission due to the sub-optimal population immunity in at least four regions as the coverage with two doses of measles- and rubella- containing vaccines was below the required minimum of 95%.
与该地区的其他一些国家一样，西班牙最近经历了多次小规模麻疹疫情，这些疫情由几次输入病例引发，医护人员也受到了感染。麻疹和风疹消除欧洲区域核实委员会（RVC）是一个独立专家小组，对国家核实委员会（NVC）提交的报告进行年度审查，并对西班牙进行国别访问，以评估这些疾病在该国的地方性传播中断情况。支持传播中断的基本标准包括在具备高质量监测系统和基因分型证据的情况下不存在地方性传播。含麻疹和风疹疫苗首剂（MRCV1）的国家疫苗接种覆盖率一直维持在全国95%以上。这一数字基于12至24个月龄儿童的接种剂量数。然而，有两个自治区，即加泰罗尼亚和卡斯蒂利亚-莱昂，疫苗接种覆盖率较低（<90%）。在穆尔西亚和梅利利亚自治区，虽然MRCV1的覆盖率高于95%，但含麻疹和风疹疫苗第二剂的覆盖率低于90%。根据所提供的证据，鉴于2013年仅出现两例风疹输入病例，RVC得出结论，西班牙风疹的地方性传播已被中断，但由于至少四个地区的人群免疫状况未达最佳，两剂含麻疹和风疹疫苗的覆盖率低于所需的最低95%，存在传播重新建立的风险。
