O'Connor P, Jankovic D, Muscat M, Ben-Mamou M, Reef S, Papania M, Singh S, Kaloumenos T, Butler R, Datta S
World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Vaccine-preventable Diseases and Immunization, Denmark.
Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Global Immunization Division, USA.
Clin Microbiol Infect. 2017 Aug;23(8):504-510. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.01.003. Epub 2017 Jan 19.
Globally measles remains one of the leading causes of death among young children even though a safe and cost-effective vaccine is available. The World Health Organization (WHO) European Region has seen a decline in measles and rubella cases in recent years. The recent outbreaks have primarily affected adolescents and young adults with no vaccination or an incomplete vaccination history. Eliminating measles and rubella is one of the top immunization priorities of the European Region as outlined in the European Vaccine Action Plan 2015-2020. Following the 2010 decision by the Member States in the Region to initiate the process of verifying elimination, the European Regional Verification Commission for Measles and Rubella Elimination (RVC) was established in 2011. The RVC meets every year to evaluate the status of measles and rubella elimination in the Region based on documentation submitted by each country's National Verification Committees. The verification process was however modified in late 2014 to assess the elimination status at the individual country level instead of at regional level. The WHO European Region has made substantial progress towards measles and rubella elimination over the past 5 years. The RVC's conclusion in 2016 that 70% and 66% of the 53 Member States in the Region had interrupted the endemic transmission of measles and rubella, respectively, by 2015 is a testament to this progress. Nevertheless, where measles and rubella remain endemic, challenges in vaccination service delivery and disease surveillance will need to be addressed through focused technical assistance from WHO and development partners.
尽管有安全且具成本效益的疫苗，但在全球范围内，麻疹仍是幼儿死亡的主要原因之一。世界卫生组织（WHO）欧洲区域近年来麻疹和风疹病例有所下降。近期的疫情主要影响了未接种疫苗或接种史不完整的青少年和年轻人。如《2015 - 2020年欧洲疫苗行动计划》所述，消除麻疹和风疹是欧洲区域免疫的首要重点之一。自该区域成员国于2010年决定启动消除麻疹和风疹的核实进程后，欧洲麻疹和风疹消除区域核实委员会（RVC）于2011年成立。RVC每年召开会议，根据各国国家核实委员会提交的文件评估该区域麻疹和风疹的消除状况。不过，核实程序在2014年末进行了修改，以评估单个国家而非区域层面的消除状况。在过去5年中，WHO欧洲区域在消除麻疹和风疹方面取得了重大进展。RVC在2016年得出结论，截至2015年，该区域53个成员国中分别有70%和66%中断了麻疹和风疹的地方性传播，这证明了这一进展。然而，在麻疹和风疹仍为地方性疾病的地区，需要通过WHO及发展伙伴提供的针对性技术援助来应对疫苗接种服务和疾病监测方面的挑战。
