Yoder Anne M, Widen Sherri C, Russell James A
Department of Psychology, Boston College.
Graduate School of Education, Stanford University.
Emotion. 2016 Apr;16(3):301-308. doi: 10.1037/emo0000118. Epub 2015 Nov 23.
Contrary to a common presupposition, the word disgust may refer to more than one emotion. From an array of 3 facial expressions (produced in our lab), participants (N = 44) in Study 1 selected the one that best matched 11 types of emotion-eliciting events: anger, sadness, and 9 types of disgust (7 types of physical disgust plus moral disgust and simply feeling ill). From an array of 4 facial expressions (two from Matsumoto & Ekman, 1988; two produced in lab), participants (N = 120) in Study 2 selected the one that best matched 14 types of disgust-eliciting events (8 physical and 6 moral). In both studies, the modal facial expression for physical disgust was the "sick face" developed by Widen, Pochedly, Pieloch, and Russell (2013), which shows someone about to vomit. The modal facial expression for the moral violations was the standard disgust face or, when available, an anger face. If facial expression is a constituent of an emotion, physical disgust and moral disgust are separate emotions.
与一个常见的预设相反，“厌恶”这个词可能指的不止一种情绪。在研究1中，参与者（N = 44）从一组3种面部表情（由我们实验室制作）中，选出最符合11种引发情绪事件的表情：愤怒、悲伤以及9种厌恶类型（7种身体厌恶加上道德厌恶和单纯感觉不适）。在研究2中，参与者（N = 120）从一组4种面部表情（两种来自松本和埃克曼，1988年；两种由实验室制作）中，选出最符合14种引发厌恶事件的表情（8种身体的和6种道德的）。在两项研究中，身体厌恶的典型面部表情是由怀登、波切德利、皮洛赫和拉塞尔（2013年）提出的“病脸”，表现的是一个人即将呕吐。道德违规的典型面部表情是标准的厌恶脸，或者在有愤怒脸的情况下选择愤怒脸。如果面部表情是一种情绪的组成部分，那么身体厌恶和道德厌恶就是两种不同的情绪。
