基于肌联蛋白的纳米颗粒张力传感器描绘粘着斑内的高幅度整合素力。

Titin-Based Nanoparticle Tension Sensors Map High-Magnitude Integrin Forces within Focal Adhesions.

作者信息

Galior Kornelia, Liu Yang, Yehl Kevin, Vivek Skanda, Salaita Khalid

机构信息

Department of Chemistry, Emory University , 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States.

Department of Physics, Emory University , 400 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States.

出版信息

Nano Lett. 2016 Jan 13;16(1):341-8. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03888. Epub 2015 Dec 7.

Abstract

Mechanical forces transmitted through integrin transmembrane receptors play important roles in a variety of cellular processes ranging from cell development to tumorigenesis. Despite the importance of mechanics in integrin function, the magnitude of integrin forces within adhesions remains unclear. Literature suggests a range from 1 to 50 pN, but the upper limit of integrin forces remains unknown. Herein we challenge integrins with the most mechanically stable molecular tension probe, which is comprised of the immunoglobulin 27th (I27) domain of cardiac titin flanked with a fluorophore and gold nanoparticle. Cell experiments show that integrin forces unfold the I27 domain, suggesting that integrin forces exceed ∼30-40 pN. The addition of a disulfide bridge within I27 "clamps" the probe and resists mechanical unfolding. Importantly, incubation with a reducing agent initiates SH exchange, thus unclamping I27 at a rate that is dependent on the applied force. By recording the rate of S-S reduction in clamped I27, we infer that integrins apply 110 ± 9 pN within focal adhesions of rat embryonic fibroblasts. The rates of S-S exchange are heterogeneous and integrin subtype-dependent. Nanoparticle titin tension sensors along with kinetic analysis of unfolding demonstrate that a subset of integrins apply tension many fold greater than previously reported.

摘要

通过整合素跨膜受体传递的机械力在从细胞发育到肿瘤发生的各种细胞过程中发挥着重要作用。尽管力学在整合素功能中很重要,但黏附中整合素力的大小仍不清楚。文献表明其范围为1至50皮牛顿,但整合素力的上限仍然未知。在此,我们用最具机械稳定性的分子张力探针挑战整合素,该探针由心肌肌联蛋白的免疫球蛋白第27(I27)结构域组成,两侧分别有一个荧光团和金纳米颗粒。细胞实验表明,整合素力使I27结构域展开,这表明整合素力超过约30 - 40皮牛顿。在I27内添加二硫键会“夹紧”探针并抵抗机械展开。重要的是,与还原剂孵育会引发硫氢交换,从而以取决于所施加力的速率松开I27。通过记录夹紧的I27中硫 - 硫还原的速率,我们推断整合素在大鼠胚胎成纤维细胞的粘着斑内施加110±9皮牛顿的力。硫 - 硫交换的速率是异质的且依赖于整合素亚型。纳米颗粒肌联蛋白张力传感器以及展开的动力学分析表明,一部分整合素施加的张力比先前报道的大许多倍。

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