Aréchiga-Ceballos N, Aguilar-Setién A
Rev Sci Tech. 2015 Aug;34(2):491-501. doi: 10.20506/rst.34.2.2374.
Summary Alphaviral equine encephalomyelitis is a mosquito-borne infection that causes severe neurological disease and fatalities in horses and humans in the Americas. Consequently, the equine alphaviruses (Eastern, Western and Venezuelan) are of considerable concern worldwide and are notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health. In addition, these diseases are considered a potent potential biological weapon, emphasising the need to develop an effective vaccine. Alphaviral equine encephalomyelitis is caused by Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (EEEV), Western equine encephalomyelitis virus (WEEV) or Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus (VEEV), which are related members of the Alphavirus genus in the Togaviridae family. Although related, the three viruses are genetically and antigenically distinct. The disease is characterised by fever, anorexia, depression and clinical signs of encephalomyelitis, and may be fatal in up to 90% of cases, for both humans and horses, particularly in the case of EEE. Surviving horses develop lifelong immunity but may have permanent neuropathology. The aim of this paper is to analyse the scientific information available on the evolution of EEE, WEE and VEE, and any potential vaccines.
摘要 甲病毒属马脑脊髓炎是一种由蚊子传播的感染病，在美洲可导致马匹和人类出现严重的神经疾病甚至死亡。因此，马甲病毒（东部、西部和委内瑞拉）在全球范围内备受关注，并且需向世界动物卫生组织通报。此外，这些疾病被视为一种极具潜力的生物武器，这凸显了研发有效疫苗的必要性。甲病毒属马脑脊髓炎由东部马脑脊髓炎病毒（EEEV）、西部马脑脊髓炎病毒（WEEV）或委内瑞拉马脑脊髓炎病毒（VEEV）引起，它们是披膜病毒科甲病毒属的相关成员。尽管这三种病毒具有相关性，但在基因和抗原方面存在差异。该疾病的特征为发热、厌食、抑郁以及脑脊髓炎的临床症状，在人类和马匹中，高达90%的病例可能会致命，尤其是东部马脑脊髓炎的情况。存活下来的马匹会产生终身免疫力，但可能会有永久性神经病理学变化。本文的目的是分析关于东部马脑脊髓炎、西部马脑脊髓炎和委内瑞拉马脑脊髓炎的演变以及任何潜在疫苗的现有科学信息。
