Nash Kevin M, Shah Zahoor A
Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, OH, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, OH, USA. ; Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, OH, USA.
Integr Med Insights. 2015 Nov 9;10:1-9. doi: 10.4137/IMI.S25054. eCollection 2015.
Ginkgo biloba extract is an alternative medicine available as a standardized formulation, EGb 761(®), which consists of ginkgolides, bilobalide, and flavonoids. The individual constituents have varying therapeutic mechanisms that contribute to the pharmacological activity of the extract as a whole. Recent studies show anxiolytic properties of ginkgolide A, migraine with aura treatment by ginkgolide B, a reduction in ischemia-induced glutamate excitotoxicity by bilobalide, and an alternative antihypertensive property of quercetin, among others. These findings have been observed in EGb 761 as well and have led to clinical investigation into its use as a therapeutic for conditions such as cognition, dementia, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular diseases. This review explores the therapeutic mechanisms of the individual EGb 761 constituents to explain the pharmacology as a whole and its clinical application to cardiovascular and neurological disorders, in particular ischemic stroke.
银杏叶提取物是一种可供使用的标准化制剂，即EGb 761(®)，它由银杏内酯、白果内酯和黄酮类化合物组成。这些成分各自具有不同的治疗机制，共同促成了该提取物整体的药理活性。最近的研究表明，银杏内酯A具有抗焦虑特性，银杏内酯B可用于治疗伴有先兆的偏头痛，白果内酯可降低缺血诱导的谷氨酸兴奋性毒性，槲皮素具有另类降压特性等。这些发现也在EGb 761中得到了观察，并引发了对其用于治疗认知、痴呆、心血管和脑血管疾病等病症的临床研究。本综述探讨了EGb 761各成分的治疗机制，以解释其整体药理学及其在心血管和神经系统疾病，特别是缺血性中风中的临床应用。
