Balentova Sona, Adamkov Marian
Institute of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, Martin 03601, Slovakia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Nov 24;16(11):27796-815. doi: 10.3390/ijms161126068.
Radiation therapy is the most effective non-surgical treatment of primary brain tumors and metastases. Preclinical studies have provided valuable insights into pathogenesis of radiation-induced injury to the central nervous system. Radiation-induced brain injury can damage neuronal, glial and vascular compartments of the brain and may lead to molecular, cellular and functional changes. Given its central role in memory and adult neurogenesis, the majority of studies have focused on the hippocampus. These findings suggested that hippocampal avoidance in cranial radiotherapy prevents radiation-induced cognitive impairment of patients. However, multiple rodent studies have shown that this problem is more complex. As the radiation-induced cognitive impairment reflects hippocampal and non-hippocampal compartments, it is of critical importance to investigate molecular, cellular and functional modifications in various brain regions as well as their integration at clinically relevant doses and schedules. We here provide a literature overview, including our previously published results, in order to support the translation of preclinical findings to clinical practice, and improve the physical and mental status of patients with brain tumors.
放射治疗是原发性脑肿瘤和转移瘤最有效的非手术治疗方法。临床前研究为辐射诱发的中枢神经系统损伤的发病机制提供了宝贵的见解。辐射诱发的脑损伤会损害脑内的神经元、神经胶质和血管部分，并可能导致分子、细胞和功能变化。鉴于海马体在记忆和成人神经发生中的核心作用，大多数研究都集中在海马体上。这些发现表明，在头部放疗中避开海马体可预防患者出现辐射诱发的认知障碍。然而，多项啮齿动物研究表明，这个问题更为复杂。由于辐射诱发的认知障碍反映了海马体和非海马体部分，因此研究不同脑区的分子、细胞和功能改变以及它们在临床相关剂量和治疗方案下的整合情况至关重要。我们在此提供一篇文献综述，包括我们之前发表的结果，以支持将临床前研究结果转化为临床实践，并改善脑肿瘤患者的身心健康状况。
