Scully C
University Department of Oral Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Bristol Dental Hospital and School, U.K.
Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1989 Mar-Apr;7(2):113-7.
Xerostomia is the main oral symptom and clinical sign in Sjögren's syndrome (SS) but there are many other causes of a dry mouth. Salivary gland enlargement is a further feature but may be episodic. Xerostomia is a subjective symptom which can be non-invasively assessed by sialometry but this is too variable, insensitive and non-specific to be diagnostic of SS. Sialochemistry, though conceptually appealing is nondiscriminatory and of little diagnostic value. Sialographic changes in SS are not specific and generally regarded as insensitive, though this has recently been questioned. Salivary scintigraphy may be of some value because it is relatively non-invasive and examines all glands simultaneously and over a period of time; but it is non-specific. Lower labial salivary gland biopsy gives more specific diagnostic information than most other investigations but must be carried out and interpreted using strict criteria.
口干症是干燥综合征（SS）的主要口腔症状和临床体征，但还有许多其他原因可导致口干。唾液腺肿大是另一个特征，但可能是间歇性的。口干症是一种主观症状，可通过唾液流量测定进行非侵入性评估，但该方法变化太大、不够敏感且缺乏特异性，无法用于诊断SS。唾液化学分析虽然在概念上有吸引力，但缺乏鉴别能力，诊断价值不大。SS的唾液造影改变不具有特异性，通常被认为不够敏感，不过最近对此提出了质疑。唾液闪烁显像可能有一定价值，因为它相对非侵入性，能在一段时间内同时检查所有腺体；但它也缺乏特异性。下唇唾液腺活检比大多数其他检查能提供更具特异性的诊断信息，但必须严格按照标准进行操作和解读。
