Jean-Louis Girardin, Grandner Michael A, Youngstedt Shawn D, Williams Natasha J, Zizi Ferdinand, Sarpong Daniel F, Ogedegbe Gbenga G
Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, 227 East 30th St, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
Department of Psychiatry at the University of Arizona College of Medicine, 550 East Van Buren, Tucson, AZ, 85004, USA.
BMC Public Health. 2015 Nov 26;15:1185. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-2500-0.
The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) was used to ascertain whether increases in inadequate sleep differentially affected black and white Americans. We tested the hypothesis that prevalence estimates of inadequate sleep were consistently greater among blacks, and that temporal changes have affected these two strata differentially.
NHIS is an ongoing cross-sectional study of non-institutionalized US adults (≥18 years) providing socio-demographic, health risk, and medical factors. Sleep duration was coded as very short sleep [VSS] (<5 h), short sleep [SS] (5-6 h), or long sleep [LS] (>8 h), referenced to 7-8 h sleepers. Analyses adjusted for NHIS' complex sampling design using SAS-callable SUDAAN.
Among whites, the prevalence of VSS increased by 53% (1.5% to 2.3%) from 1977 to 2009 and the prevalence of SS increased by 32% (19.3% to 25.4 %); prevalence of LS decreased by 30% (11.2% to 7.8%). Among blacks, the prevalence of VSS increased by 21% (3.3% to 4.0%) and the prevalence of SS increased by 37% (24.6 % to 33.7%); prevalence of LS decreased by 42% (16.1% to 9.4%). Adjusted multinomial regression analysis showed that odds of reporting inadequate sleep for whites were: VSS (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.13-1.74, p < 0.001), SS (OR = 1.34, 95 % CI = 1.25-1.44, p < 0.001), and LS (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.85-1.05, NS). For blacks, estimates were: VSS (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.60-1.40, NS), SS (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.05-1.50, p < 0.001), and LS (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.64-1.08, NS).
Blacks and whites are characteristically different regarding the prevalence of inadequate sleep over the years. Temporal changes in estimates of inadequate sleep seem dependent upon individuals' race/ethnicity.
美国国家健康访谈调查（NHIS）用于确定睡眠不足情况的增加对美国黑人和白人是否有不同影响。我们检验了以下假设：睡眠不足的患病率估计在黑人中始终更高，并且时间变化对这两个群体产生了不同影响。
NHIS是一项针对美国非机构化成年人（≥18岁）的正在进行的横断面研究，提供社会人口统计学、健康风险和医学因素。睡眠时长被编码为极短睡眠[VSS]（<5小时）、短睡眠[SS]（5 - 6小时）或长睡眠[LS]（>8小时），以睡眠7 - 8小时的人为参照。使用可调用SAS的SUDAAN对NHIS的复杂抽样设计进行分析调整。
在白人中，极短睡眠的患病率从1977年到2009年增加了53%（从1.5%增至2.3%），短睡眠的患病率增加了32%（从19.3%增至25.4%）；长睡眠的患病率下降了30%（从11.2%降至7.8%）。在黑人中，极短睡眠的患病率增加了21%（从3.3%增至4.0%），短睡眠的患病率增加了37%（从24.6%增至33.7%）；长睡眠的患病率下降了42%（从16.1%降至9.4%）。调整后的多项回归分析显示，白人报告睡眠不足的几率为：极短睡眠（OR = 1.40，95%CI = 1.13 - 1.74，p < 0.001），短睡眠（OR = 1.34，95%CI = 1.25 - 1.44，p < 0.001），长睡眠（OR = 0.94，95%CI = 0.85 - 1.05，无统计学意义）。对于黑人，估计值为：极短睡眠（OR = 0.83，95%CI = 0.60 - 1.40，无统计学意义），短睡眠（OR = 1.21，95%CI = 1.05 - 1.50，p < 0.001），长睡眠（OR = 0.84，95%CI = 0.64 - 1.08，无统计学意义）。
多年来，黑人和白人在睡眠不足患病率方面存在显著差异。睡眠不足估计值的时间变化似乎取决于个体的种族/民族。
