Walk David, Poliak-Tunis Michelle
Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street Southeast, MMC 295, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
Med Clin North Am. 2016 Jan;100(1):1-16. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2015.09.005. Epub 2015 Oct 28.
Chronic pain has multiple mechanisms that result in pain amplification and maintenance, including central and peripheral sensitization and altered modulation of pain perception. Assessment of pain requires comprehensive assessment of symptoms and signs, suspected pain mechanisms, and the patient's biopsychosocial context. Multiple validated measures exist for the assessment of pain symptoms, pain-related disability, psychological impact of pain, and candidacy for opioid management.
慢性疼痛有多种导致疼痛放大和持续的机制，包括中枢和外周敏化以及疼痛感知调节的改变。疼痛评估需要对症状和体征、可疑的疼痛机制以及患者的生物心理社会背景进行全面评估。现有多种经过验证的措施可用于评估疼痛症状、与疼痛相关的残疾、疼痛的心理影响以及阿片类药物管理的适用性。
