University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands.
University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands; School of Sport Studies, Hanze University, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Hum Mov Sci. 2016 Feb;45:84-95. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2015.11.008. Epub 2015 Nov 23.
External focus instructions have been shown to result in superior motor performance compared to internal focus instructions. Using an EF may help to optimize current anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury prevention programs. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of instructions on landing technique and performance by comparing an external focus (EF), internal focus (IF), video (VI) and control (CTRL) group. Subjects (age 22.50±1.62years, height 179.70±10.43cm, mass 73.98±12.68kg) were randomly assigned to IF (n=10), EF (n=10), VI (n=10) or CTRL group (n=10). Landing was assessed from a drop vertical jump (DVJ) in five sessions: pretest, two training blocks (TR1 and TR2) and directly after the training sessions (post test) and retention test 1week later. Group specific instructions were offered in TR1 and TR2. Landing technique was assessed with the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) and jump height was taken as performance measure. The results show that males in the VI group and females both in the VI and EF groups significantly improved jump-landing technique. Retention was achieved and jump height was maintained for males in the VI group and females both in the VI and EF groups. It is therefore concluded that EF and VI instructions have great potential in ACL injury prevention.
外部焦点指令已被证明比内部焦点指令能产生更优异的运动表现。使用外部焦点可能有助于优化当前前交叉韧带 (ACL) 损伤预防计划。本研究的目的是通过比较外部焦点 (EF)、内部焦点 (IF)、视频 (VI) 和对照组 (CTRL)，来调查指令对落地技术和表现的影响。受试者（年龄 22.50±1.62 岁，身高 179.70±10.43cm，体重 73.98±12.68kg）被随机分配到 IF（n=10）、EF（n=10）、VI（n=10）或 CTRL 组（n=10）。落地从垂直跳（DVJ）中进行评估，共进行五个阶段：前测、两个训练阶段（TR1 和 TR2）以及训练阶段后（后测）和一周后的保留测试。TR1 和 TR2 中提供了特定于组的指令。使用着陆错误评分系统 (LESS) 评估着陆技术，跳高技术是性能测量的指标。结果表明，VI 组中的男性和 VI 组和 EF 组中的女性的跳跃落地技术都有显著提高。VI 组中的男性和 VI 组和 EF 组中的女性的保留测试和跳高技术都得到了保持。因此，可以得出结论，EF 和 VI 指令在 ACL 损伤预防方面具有很大的潜力。
