Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Praxisgemeinschaft MOVIA MED, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Aug 29;19(17):10763. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191710763.
Externally focused attention is known to induce superior results in the movement outcome, whereas focusing attention on the moving body (internal focus) causes conscious control and constrains action. The study investigated effects on knee trajectory and whole-body movement complexity when addressing knee alignment using externally (EF) vs. internally (IF) focused instructions. Young ski racers, = 24 (12 male), performed landings with subsequent jumps to submaximal height. Movements were tracked and analyzed during the ground contact phase. Sets of jumps were executed without instruction (CON), followed by EF and IF instructions on knee alignment in a random order. Medial-lateral displacement of the knee in landing quantified task achievement, and whole-body principal component analysis was used to compute movement complexity. Knee alignment instructions led to a significantly lower medial knee displacement compared to CON ( = 0.001, η = 0.35). EF vs. IF did not reach significance. EF, as well as IF instructions increased the prominence of the first movement pattern ( = 0.01, η = 0.22) with a reduction of higher-order patterns ( = 0.002, W = 0.11), suggesting a strategy of freezing degrees of freedom. Both instructions addressing the movement form positively influenced knee displacement during landing, and both led to a freezing strategy, simplifying whole-body coordination.
外部关注已知会在运动结果中产生更好的效果，而将注意力集中在运动的身体上（内部关注）会导致有意识的控制并限制动作。本研究调查了在使用外部（EF）与内部（IF）聚焦指令解决膝盖对准问题时对膝盖轨迹和全身运动复杂性的影响。年轻的滑雪运动员，n = 24（12 名男性），进行了带有后续跳跃至亚最大高度的着陆。在地面接触阶段跟踪和分析运动。在没有指令（CON）的情况下执行了几组跳跃，然后按照随机顺序执行 EF 和 IF 膝盖对准指令。着陆时膝盖的横向位移量化了任务完成情况，使用整体主成分分析来计算运动复杂性。与 CON 相比，膝盖对准指令导致膝盖的横向位移明显降低（p < 0.001，η = 0.35）。EF 与 IF 之间没有达到显著差异。EF 和 IF 指令增加了第一个运动模式的突出性（p = 0.01，η = 0.22），同时降低了更高阶模式（p = 0.002，W = 0.11），这表明自由度冻结策略。两种指令都对着陆过程中的膝盖位移产生了积极影响，并且都导致了冻结策略，简化了全身协调。
