Nthiwa Daniel Mutiso, Odongo David O, Ochanda Horace, Khamadi Samoel, Gichimu Bernard M
Department of Biological Sciences, Embu University College, P.O. Box 6, Embu 60100, Kenya.
School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
J Parasitol Res. 2015;2015:607432. doi: 10.1155/2015/607432. Epub 2015 Nov 4.
African Animal Trypanosomiasis (AAT) transmitted cyclically by tsetse fly (Glossina spp.) is a major obstacle to livestock production in the tropical parts of Africa. The objective of this study was to determine the infection rates of trypanosomes in Glossina species in Mtito Andei Division, Makueni County, Kenya. Tsetse fly species, G. longipennis and G. pallidipes, were trapped and DNA was isolated from their dissected internal organs (proboscis, salivary glands, and midguts). The DNA was then subjected to a nested PCR assay using internal transcribed spacer primers and individual trypanosome species were identified following agarose gel electrophoresis. Out of the 117 flies trapped in the area 39 (33.3%) were teneral while 78 (67%) were nonteneral. G. pallidipes constituted the largest percentage of 58% while G. longipennis were 42%. The overall trypanosomes infection rate in all nonteneral Glossina spp. was 11.53% with G. longipennis recording the highest infection rate of 23.08% while G. pallidipes had an infection rate of 5.77%. T. vivax was the most infectious (10.26%) compared to T. congolense (1.28%). Mean apparent densities were strongly positively correlated with infection rates (r = 0.95) confirming the importance of this parameter as an indicator of AAT transmission risk.
由采采蝇（舌蝇属）周期性传播的非洲动物锥虫病（AAT）是非洲热带地区畜牧业生产的主要障碍。本研究的目的是确定肯尼亚马库埃尼县姆蒂托安代伊分区舌蝇物种中锥虫的感染率。捕获了采采蝇物种长翅舌蝇和淡黄舌蝇，并从其解剖的内部器官（喙、唾液腺和中肠）中分离出DNA。然后使用内转录间隔区引物对DNA进行巢式PCR检测，并通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定单个锥虫物种。在该地区捕获的117只采采蝇中，39只（33.3%）为羽化初期，78只（67%）为非羽化初期。淡黄舌蝇占比最大，为58%，而长翅舌蝇占42%。所有非羽化初期舌蝇属物种的总体锥虫感染率为11.53%，其中长翅舌蝇的感染率最高，为23.08%，而淡黄舌蝇的感染率为5.77%。与刚果锥虫（1.28%）相比，活跃锥虫的传染性最强（10.26%）。平均表观密度与感染率呈强正相关（r = 0.95），证实了该参数作为AAT传播风险指标的重要性。
