Bedele Animal Health Research Centre, Bedele Southwest, Ethiopia.
Kaliti Tsetse fly Research Centre, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
BMC Vet Res. 2024 Sep 9;20(1):402. doi: 10.1186/s12917-024-04249-8.
Trypanosomiasis is an infectious disease caused by parasitic protozoa of the genus Trypanosome and primarily transmitted by tsetse flies. This study aimed to determine the density of tsetse flies and the rate of trypanosome infection in the Bedele and Dabo Hana districts of the Buno Bedele Zone in Ethiopia.
A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to February 2023 to catch tsetse flies, determine tsetse density, and estimate the trypanosome infection rate. We used 100 traps (40 NGU, 30 pyramidal, and 30 biconical) to catch the flies. The following standard procedures were followed to identify the specific trypanosome species in the collected tsetse flies: The flies were dissected, and the salivary glands were removed. We placed the salivary glands in a drop of saline solution on a microscope slide. A coverslip was placed over the salivary glands, the slide was examined under a microscope, and the trypanosomes were identified based on their morphology. A total of 3,740 tsetse flies were captured from 100 traps, resulting in an overall apparent density of 18.7 flies per trap per day. Within the study area, only one species of tsetse fly, Glossina tachinoides, was identified. Of the 1,320 dissected Glossina tachinoides, 1.82% were found to be infected with trypanosome parasites. Among these infections, 58.33% were attributed to Trypanosoma congolense, while the remaining 41.67% were caused by Trypanosoma brucei. The infection rate of trypanosomes was significantly higher in female tsetse flies (87.5%) as compared to male flies (12.5%). Furthermore, a significantly higher infection rate was observed in flies older than 20 days (83.33%) and in hunger stage 1 flies (58.33%) compared to hunger stages 2, 3, and 4.
This study highlights the necessity of implementing control and suppression measures targeting the vector (tsetse flies) and the parasite (trypanosomes) to effectively manage and prevent pathogenic animal trypanosomiasis.
锥虫病是一种由锥虫属寄生虫引起的传染病，主要通过采采蝇传播。本研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚布诺贝雷区贝德勒和达博哈纳地区采采蝇的密度和锥虫感染率。
本研究于 2023 年 1 月至 2 月期间采用横断面研究方法，通过使用 100 个陷阱（40 个 NGU、30 个金字塔形和 30 个双锥形）捕获采采蝇，确定采采蝇密度并估算锥虫感染率。我们采用了以下标准程序来鉴定收集到的采采蝇中特定的锥虫种类：对采集的采采蝇进行解剖，取出唾液腺，将唾液腺置于显微镜载玻片上的一滴盐水中。将盖玻片放在唾液腺上，在显微镜下观察玻片，根据形态学特征鉴定锥虫。从 100 个陷阱中共捕获了 3740 只采采蝇，每陷阱每天的总显见密度为 18.7 只。在研究区域内，仅鉴定出一种采采蝇，即舌蝇属的舌蝇 tachinoides。在解剖的 1320 只舌蝇 tachinoides 中，发现有 1.82%感染了锥虫寄生虫。在这些感染中，58.33%归因于刚果锥虫，其余 41.67%由布氏锥虫引起。与雄蝇（12.5%）相比，雌蝇（87.5%）的锥虫感染率显著更高。此外，与饥饿期 2、3 和 4 相比，20 天以上的老蝇（83.33%）和饥饿期 1 蝇的感染率显著更高（58.33%）。
本研究强调了针对传播媒介（采采蝇）和寄生虫（锥虫）实施控制和抑制措施的必要性，以有效管理和预防动物锥虫病的发生。
