Schepker Klaus, Fangerau Heiner
1 Institut für Geschichte und Ethik der Medizin, Uniklinik Köln.
Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother. 2016;44(3):180-8. doi: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000390. Epub 2015 Nov 30.
The reconstruction of the evolutionary history of this professional association lays its focus on the developments which contributed to the society’s formal foundation during the time of the patient killings in Germany after 1939. Methodologically the study follows strategies of historical network analysis including the main actors of the foundation process. The foundation of this society can be seen as the result of the interaction of a) the Reichs-Health-Agency, its president Hans Reiter, and Fritz Rott as National Socialist health politicians, b) the scientific development geared to this policy of a young discipline that shared its knowledge base as well as its medical ‘object’ with established specialties like psychiatry and pediatrics, c) a postulated need for character studies, prognosis and selection, and d) personal as well as professional-political interests of the main protagonists Schroeder and Villinger. Once more it is obvious that medicine and politics were not only interwoven, but in certain areas in accordance with each other. Borders could rather be established between social regulatory “instances”. The foundation of the DGKH (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kinderpsychiatrie und Heilpädagogik; German Society for Child Psychiatry and Therapeutic Education) is an example of a ‘radical regulatory reasoning’ according to Raphael, that by means of “institutional arrangements at medium level” (Raphael, 2001) was supposed to implement the ‘new National-Socialist order’.
对这个专业协会进化史的重建，将重点放在了1939年后德国患者遇害期间促成该协会正式成立的那些发展情况上。在方法论上，该研究遵循历史网络分析策略，其中包括协会成立过程中的主要参与者。这个协会的成立可被视为以下因素相互作用的结果：a）帝国卫生局、其局长汉斯·赖特以及作为纳粹卫生政治家的弗里茨·罗特；b）适应这一政策的一门年轻学科的科学发展，该学科与精神病学和儿科学等既定专业共享其知识基础和医学“研究对象”；c）对性格研究、预后和筛选的假定需求；d）主要推动者施罗德和维林格的个人及职业政治利益。显而易见，医学与政治不仅相互交织，而且在某些领域相互契合。相反，社会监管“机构”之间才可以划分界限。德国儿童精神病学与治疗教育学协会（DGKH）的成立，是拉斐尔所说的“激进监管推理”的一个例子，即通过“中等层面的制度安排”（拉斐尔，2001年）来推行“新的纳粹秩序”。
